{"id":11599,"date":"2021-08-28T04:42:07","date_gmt":"2021-08-28T04:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=11599"},"modified":"2021-08-28T04:42:08","modified_gmt":"2021-08-28T04:42:08","slug":"henry-kissinger-ly-giai-that-bai-cua-my-o-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=11599","title":{"rendered":"Henry Kissinger l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Afghanistan<\/strong>
Henry Kissinger<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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_________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cHenry Kissinger on why America failed in Afghanistan<\/strong>\u201d,\u00a0The Economist<\/em>, 25\/08\/2021.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<\/strong>Tr\u1ea7n H\u00f9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c Taliban ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n Afghanistan khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afghanistan b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, hay c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t, trong 20 n\u0103m hy sinh \u0111\u00e3 qua.<\/span><\/strong> V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf Afghanistan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn Iraq trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Khi M\u1ef9 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c can d\u1ef1, th\u00ec M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan l\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/strong> v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00edt kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/span> Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung, trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y c\u00e1c tranh c\u00e3i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Afghanistan trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a al-Qaeda v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Afghanistan do Taliban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/strong> Taliban v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t \u1ea9n n\u00e1u \u1edf Pakistan, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf Afghanistan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Pakistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi Taliban th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn Afghanistan tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cai tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb M\u1ef9. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afghanistan kh\u00f4ng theo th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c [c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Afghanistan, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 chung, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea5t Afghanistan, d\u00f9 gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Afghanistan, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Afghanistan, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Afghanistan ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a. <\/strong>\u1ede Afghanistan, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh phong ki\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c.<\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1839, hay c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Afghanistan n\u0103m 1979, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00ean h\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat lui th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh kh\u1ecfi Kabul v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1842, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh giam c\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Afghanistan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Afghanistan kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh hung d\u1eef, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn [c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9] d\u1ea7n mang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Taliban v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Taliban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n lan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afghanistan do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. Hai nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 2009, r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf Afghanistan, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat qu\u00e2n sau 18 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, thay v\u00ec ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Taliban.<\/strong> V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf Afghanistan: c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u2014 ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga v\u00e0 Pakistan th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chung \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Afghanistan. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung \u0110\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Anh trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Sau khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Donald Trump v\u00e0 Joe Biden \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Taliban, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng cam k\u1ebft ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden r\u00fat qu\u00e2n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi Afghanistan.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n<\/strong>. M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00fat lui. <\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi, v\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra n\u00e0y, <\/span><\/strong>ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i cho gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henry Kissinger<\/strong>
C\u1ef1u ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0\u201cHenry Kissinger on why America failed in Afghanistan\u201d,\u00a0The Economist, 25\/08\/2021. Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch:\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n H\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7c Taliban ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n Afghanistan khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afghanistan b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12],"tags":[165,118,212,156],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-11599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-tin-chinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}