{"id":11999,"date":"2021-09-17T04:59:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T04:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=11999"},"modified":"2021-09-17T04:59:05","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T04:59:05","slug":"de-nhat-cong-hoa-viet-nam-can-nguyen-do-vo-doc-chuong-10-tap-2-tac-pham-the-viet-nam-upheaval-cua-gs-vu-quy-ky-bai-6-thoi-gia-truong-trong-nao-trang-nguoi-my","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=11999","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u0103n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed5 V\u1ee1 (\u0110\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 t\u1eadp 2 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cThe Viet-Nam Upheaval\u201d c\u1ee7a GS V\u0169 Qu\u00fd K\u1ef3) B\u00e0i 6: Th\u00f3i \u201cgia tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d trong n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n Phong V\u0169<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i 5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m, thu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n TT Eisenhower \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TT Di\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Catton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecd V\u0169 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i, v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 coi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d  nh\u01b0 c\u1ed7 xe v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e8o l\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec7 tam nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3! V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda hi\u1ebfm b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00fang Qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Theo nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Catton trong \u201cTh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m\u201d, th\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Hoa Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed1n v\u00e0 S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, d\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a hay D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7, th\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eabn l\u1ed9 ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai \u201ckh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e8o l\u00e1i b\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, phe nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Catton nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Foster Dulles trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1955: \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/strong>. Theo Catton, l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Dulles \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cb\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d, \u201ct\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u201d. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi r\u1eddi \u0111i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, theo quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Catton n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Theo \u00f4ng: c<\/strong>\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1<\/strong>nh gi\u00e1 r<\/strong>\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u00f4i <\/strong>nh\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>. C<\/strong>\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u <\/strong>t<\/strong>\u1ef1 <\/strong>tin<\/strong> cho<\/strong> r\u1eb1ng <\/strong>ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 <\/strong>h\u1ecd <\/strong>m\u1edbi <\/strong>bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5<\/strong>t cho Vi<\/strong>\u1ec7t Nam khi \u1ea5y.<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh trong suy t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n \u201ck\u1ebb c\u1ea3\u201d trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp bi\u00ean 50\/60 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch <\/strong>M\u1ef9 khi \u1ea5y <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 <\/strong>d\u1ef1a d<\/strong>\u1eabm<\/strong> <\/strong>v\u00e0o<\/strong> Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arthur Schlesinger Jr., m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a TT Kennedy, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi tr\u1ecdng Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo cung c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia M\u1ef9 nh\u00ecn Vi\u1ec7t Nam uh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng nh\u1ecf th\u00f3 d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn, xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T<\/strong>\u1eeb c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eafng<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong> Vi<\/strong>\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 <\/strong>s\u00e1ng su<\/strong>\u1ed1t,<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <\/strong>\u2018tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/strong> m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3<\/strong>\u2019<\/strong>. \u201cTh\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50\/60 khi Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c nam VN, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u201cnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n\u201d d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i. h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Catton <\/strong>hu\u1ef5ch to\u1eb9t <\/strong>ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 mang trong m\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/u><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean coi mi\u1ec1n nam VN c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t khi v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Hoa Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g<\/strong>i\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th<\/strong>\u1ebf n\u00ean, k<\/strong>hi<\/strong> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m,<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi <\/strong>c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/strong> h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/strong>  Khi \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3t \u0111\u00e2m lao \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft theo lao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd sinh l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh \u0111em ra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1eabn theo Catton, trong suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cc\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 ngay\u201d (instant coffee), n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cth\u00e1p nh\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00fang Qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 quan ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra theo qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cl\u1ea1c h\u1eadu\u201d chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0ig\u00f2n. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1ef7 th\u1ebf \u201c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ec1n\u201d, th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, khi nu\u00f4i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a TT Di\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kinh qua. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, x\u00e9t ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a tuy h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t non y\u1ebfu, trong khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u1ee9 b\u1ec1 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a CS B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Li\u00ean x\u00f4. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9 hai,nh\u00ecn v\u1ebf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Hoa K\u1ef3, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 200 n\u0103m <\/u><\/strong>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m <\/u><\/strong>n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 <\/u><\/strong>M\u1ef9<\/u><\/strong> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n <\/u><\/strong>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/u><\/strong>. <\/strong>V\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng trong su\u1ed1t hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 an nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf, kh\u00e1c v<\/strong>\u1edbi nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng k<\/strong>h\u00f4ng <\/strong>ph\u1ea3i \u0111<\/strong>\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9<\/strong> \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Harriman\u201d<\/u> cho ph\u00e9p qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp <\/strong>ng\u01b0<\/strong>\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch qui m\u00f4<\/strong> v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 trong su\u1ed1t Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 an ninh, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 <\/u><\/strong>c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng <\/u><\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 <\/u><\/strong>qua tr\u01b0<\/u><\/strong>\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng <\/u><\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt<\/u><\/strong>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec TT Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0<\/strong> b\u00e3i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/u> trong <\/strong>th\u1eddi<\/strong> n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Catton, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cThe Vi\u1ec7tnam Upheaval\u201d \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50\/60 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ngh\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch <\/strong>mi<\/strong>\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea3i <\/strong>h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m<\/strong> t\u1ea1i nam Vi<\/strong>\u1ec7t Nam khi \u1ea5y<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e3nh ti\u1ebfn mang n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cgia tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, h<\/strong>\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng <\/strong> <\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 bi<\/strong>\u1ebft<\/strong> th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m<\/strong> \u0111<\/strong>\u1ec3 <\/strong>ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/strong> s<\/strong>\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda S\u00e0ig\u00f2n<\/strong> v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn xem x\u00e9t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 <\/strong>ph<\/strong>\u00e3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0<\/strong> khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<\/strong> th\u00eam<\/strong>. <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TT Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i <\/strong>d<\/strong>\u1ed3n<\/strong> <\/strong>m\u1ecdi n<\/strong>\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong> th\u1eafng<\/strong> l<\/strong>\u1ee3i<\/strong> trong cu\u1ed9c c<\/strong>hi\u1ebfn ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng sau \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 -nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0 Averell Harriman, Roger Hilsman, Kenneth Galbraith, Michael Forrestal- v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean t\u1ea3<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 <\/strong>v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ead<\/strong>n ra<\/strong> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y<\/strong>. H\u1ecd <\/strong>li\u00ean th\u1ee7 <\/strong>c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <\/strong>gi\u00e0<\/strong>n \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong>ng<\/strong> ca<\/strong>, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <\/strong>ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t CHVN<\/strong> v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1965, Joseph Alsoph \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Time (ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1965), b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Theo Alsoph ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gia t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c <\/strong>m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 <\/strong>lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh <\/strong>quy\u1ec1n<\/strong> \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/strong>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb<\/u><\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y b\u00fat x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9<\/u><\/strong>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong>. D<\/strong>\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 <\/strong>h\u1ecd<\/strong> qu\u00ean<\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i, th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u”.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joseph Alsoph cho r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb <\/strong>ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean  m<\/strong>\u1ed9t cho <\/strong>c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng <\/strong>ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u0103ng do CSBV theo \u0111u\u1ed5i <\/strong>tr\u01b0\u1edbc, <\/strong>v\u00e0 vi<\/strong>\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i <\/strong>t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111<\/strong>\u1ec3<\/strong> sau<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u1ea7<\/strong>n ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu c<\/strong>h\u00ednh <\/strong>quy\u1ec1n<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

William Colby d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Alsoph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Trong b\u00e0i 3,\u00a0 sau khi v\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n di\u1ec7n s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t CHVN xoay quanh Averell Harriman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n TT Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Robert McNamara; Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Maxwell Taylor; B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Robert Kennedy. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c CIA John McCone; ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0ig\u00f2n Frederic Nolting; Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a CIA William Colby. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n mao l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 PTT Lyndon Johnson, TT Dweight Eisenhower, TT Richard Nixon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ghi nh\u1eadn, h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: th\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n nam khi \u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ecdn Harriman m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh m\u00faa g\u1eady v\u01b0\u1eddn hoang?<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: nguy\u00ean do ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia M\u1ef9, d\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a hay D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u trong huy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n. Kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, \u00f4n h\u00f2a hay c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khoan dung \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u00fai m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn trong ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1eddi TT Kennedy t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1m quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e2y quanh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u201c\u0103n thua \u0111\u1ee7\u201d trong m\u01b0u toan l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 TT Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean do th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Nguy\u00ean do th\u1ee9 hai: Nh\u01b0 trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft, v\u00ec \u1ef7 th\u1ebf n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Kenndy, Averell Harriman \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n qua m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dean Rusk. Xoay quanh Harriman c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1eebng s\u1ecf d\u00e1m n\u00f3i, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u00f3i b\u1eady, l\u00e0m c\u00e0n), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Roger Hilsman. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 theo ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a John Mecklin, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n HK \u1edf S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-3-61: \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, Hilsman \u0111\u00e3 <\/strong>ng\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i<\/strong> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng nh<\/strong>\u1eefng cho <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong> <\/strong>m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3 Hoa K\u1ef3!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o PG, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nam VN, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 cao tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00eau rao l\u00e0 PG chi\u1ebfm tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u00f4 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Hilsman \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi 98%!*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Mecklin nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t <\/strong>th\u00eam: v<\/strong>\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t CHVN, nh\u00f3m Harriman, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Hilsman \u0111\u00e3 ph<\/strong>\u1edbt l\u1edd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. H<\/strong>\u1ecd<\/strong> \u00e2m th<\/strong>\u1ea7m<\/strong> ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd th\u1eddi c\u01a1, khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ra<\/strong>, <\/strong>m\u1ed9t <\/strong>c\u01a1 h<\/strong>\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng<\/strong> v\u00e0ng<\/strong>,<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111<\/strong>\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a B\u1ea1ch \u1ed0c, \u00f4ng Johnson c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh th\u00fac th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn bi k\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb5n 20 ng\u00e0y sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng Kennedy, TT M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu ch\u1ea5n kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 k\u00e9p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201dVietnam Upheaval\u201d vi\u1ebft: sau khi tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c, t\u00e2n TT Johnson c<\/strong>h\u1ec9 v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4<\/strong>ng <\/strong>Di\u1ec7m <\/strong>treo t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia <\/strong>n\u00f3i<\/strong> v<\/strong>\u1edbi <\/strong>Hubert Humphrey: <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c<\/strong>Ch\u00fang t<\/strong>a<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong>.<\/strong>“<\/strong>**<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n Phong V\u0169<\/strong>
Mi\u1ec1n nam California, ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, 15-9-2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
 <\/pre>\n\n\n\n
____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*Li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cho t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1954, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Marguerite Higgins t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u201cPocket Guide to Vietnam\u201d:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Catholics:                                  1,500,000                                                                <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Other Christians                          500,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cao Dai                                     1,500,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoa Hao                                   1,000,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hindus and Muslims                    500,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Animism (Montagnards)            1,000,000                   <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Confucianists                             4,000,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taoists                                           500,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sub total            \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 \u2026 10,500,000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo c\u00f4 Higgins, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n nam VN t\u00ednh t\u1eeb sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve l\u00e0 14,000,000.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110em tr\u1eeb \u0111i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed110,500,000 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ghi trong \u201cPocket Guide to Vietnam\u201d, s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 3,500,000, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 25% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
** Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm, g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1y do ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Trong b\u00e0i 5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m, thu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n TT Eisenhower \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TT Di\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8],"tags":[165,118,119],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-11999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-hoa-ky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11999\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}