{"id":12148,"date":"2021-10-02T02:07:16","date_gmt":"2021-10-02T02:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=12148"},"modified":"2021-10-02T02:07:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-02T02:07:18","slug":"cac-diem-nong-ve-o-nhiem-plastic-cua-the-gioi-o-dau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=12148","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m Plastic c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u00e2u?<\/strong>
TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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“Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u00e1n kh\u00ed (carbonic) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong>.” John Kerry<\/em><\/strong> <\/span>
\u0110\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Biden c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft 80% trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i plastic, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n trong v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 90% l\u00e0 plastic gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hai l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (268,597 mile2<\/sup>) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang Texas Hoa K\u1ef3, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kerry c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C\u00e1c t\u1ea7u tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7u c\u1eb7n (pitch black heavy oil) r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i 20-40 ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, hay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, hay m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbonic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ocean Conservancy xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu 2021 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m qua. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbonic, v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n th\u1ea3i r\u00e1c plastic tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/span><\/strong>. H\u00f4m nay, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa xin \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 tr\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/em><\/strong> kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i plastic v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 9, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n do ICC (International Coastal Cleanup) k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ocean Conservancy \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m thay m\u1eb7t cho H\u1ed9i S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ocean Health k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ICC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Ocean Conservancy, C\u01a1 quan c\u1ee9u nguy bi\u1ec3n PADI AWARE Foundation v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) do ch\u00e1nh ph\u00fa \u00dac t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i plastic v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Global Environmental Change k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb 22.508 l\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ICC tr\u00ean 116 qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb 2011-2017 v\u1edbi 7.290 l\u1ea7n do c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a PADI AWARE d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u01a1n 118 qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb 2011-2018. PADI AWARE l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ec5n R\u00e1c – Ocean Conservancy\u2019s Trash Free Seas Alliance v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ICC th\u00f4ng qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh L\u1eb7n S\u00e2u Ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 – Dive Against Debris. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng qua t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ocean Conservancy, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i plastic tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • T<\/em><\/strong>\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr<\/em><\/strong>\u00ean to\u00e0n th<\/em><\/strong>\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng OC \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc CSIRO l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Denise Hardesty v\u00e0 Chris Wilcox k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c x\u00e0 b\u1ea7n (debris) tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California Santa Barbara v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong khi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m trong 20% \u200b\u200bm\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 x\u00e0 b\u1ea7n cao nh\u1ea5t) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh x\u00e0 b\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ICC v\u00e0 Dive Against Debris \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb chai nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. X\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • T\u00e0n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong> h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ICC lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Canada v\u00e0 Nam \u00c2u<\/strong>;<\/li>
      • Chai plastic<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho vi\u1ec7c thu mua v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c<\/strong>. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i so v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic th\u1ea3i ra bi\u1ec3n trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a;<\/li>
      • T\u00fai nh\u1ef1a<\/strong> l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Trung v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u Phi, Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1<\/strong>;<\/li>
      • Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Philippines<\/strong>, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 5 trong s\u1ed1 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, n\u01a1i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200br\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (non recyclable), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi plastic. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng do c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean ICC l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf sau khi x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a plastic nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c thu gom, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plastic sau khi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng plastic ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean sinh m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Ngo\u00e0i ra, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng plastic n\u00f3i chung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p plastic ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i plastic m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 Plastic Pollution Act under consideration in the US\u201d. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v<\/em><\/strong>\u00e0 L<\/em><\/strong>\u1eb7n s<\/em><\/strong>\u00e2u Ch<\/em><\/strong>\u1ed1ng <\/em><\/strong>M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1<\/em><\/strong> – International Coastal Cleanup and Dive Against Debris v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111<\/em><\/strong>\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b<\/em><\/strong>\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d<\/em><\/strong>\u00f5i m<\/em><\/strong>\u1ed9t c<\/em><\/strong>\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi<\/em><\/strong>\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph<\/em><\/strong>\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 cung c\u00e1ch can thi<\/em><\/strong>\u1ec7p qua ch<\/em><\/strong>\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c<\/em><\/strong>\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi, khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 36 (2022) c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr<\/em><\/strong>\u00ecnh D<\/em><\/strong>\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Ocean Conservancy, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chia x\u1ebb l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n (volunteer – citizen scientists), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1ef1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • Thay l<\/em><\/strong>\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n tham gia kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9<\/span><\/em><\/strong>t \u2026kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng plastic m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 17,6 t\u1ef7 pounds plastic x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m – con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t xe r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y plastic xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Khi nh\u1ef1a plastic ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n plastic ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t khi b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n – t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 c\u00e1, \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 v\u00fa v\u00e0 chim bi\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Plastic kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y.<\/strong> Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 li ti v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nam ch\u00e2m h\u1ea5p thu c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong bi\u1ec3n. Khi c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0103n v\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi plastic ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Plastic trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic \u1edf bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m plastic l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 9% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i plastic t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng plastic. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng plastic kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Sau h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00e1c plastic trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n