{"id":13289,"date":"2022-01-15T05:14:21","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T05:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13289"},"modified":"2022-01-15T05:14:22","modified_gmt":"2022-01-15T05:14:22","slug":"tap-can-binh-phai-hoc-lam-chip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13289","title":{"rendered":"<strong>T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ch\u00edp<\/strong><br><span style='color:#00a0ff;font-size:.9em;font-weight:500;'>Ng\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n D\u1ee5ng \/ VOA Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gdb.voanews.com\/CA13DC48-1FDD-4748-A23F-F85588C81CBB_w1023_r1_s.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00f4ng ty TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing) s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ch\u00edp lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\" width=\"516\" height=\"290\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kinh t\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Hi\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17% ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (semiconductors b\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u534a\u5bfc,\u2019 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn). K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m m\u1edbi (2021-2025), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, \u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00fac v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 2014, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ed5 ra $22 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0m ch\u00edp, n\u0103m 2019, l\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 $30 t\u1ef7, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o, theo Yoko Kubota tr\u00ean nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o&nbsp;<em>The Wall Street Journal&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 1, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong 7 n\u0103m qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/strong> Trong ba n\u0103m v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 6 c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap $2.3 t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda s\u1edbm, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t con ch\u00edp n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Kubota t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u hai c\u00f4ng ty quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n (Wuhan, \u6b66\u6c49) v\u00e0 T\u1ebf Nam (Jinan, \u6d4e\u5357).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00f4ng ty \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ho\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m (Hongxin, \u5f18\u82af, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft HSMC) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u v\u1eeba qua. C\u00f4ng ty \u1edf T\u1ebf Nam l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2m (Quanxin, \u6cc9\u82af, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft QXIC), \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1edd thanh to\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ec9 huy. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Cao San (Cao Shan) kinh doanh trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0110\u00e0i Loan tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 hai. Cao San l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng mua chu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/chips.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10646\" width=\"385\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/chips.jpg 631w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/chips-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/chips-465x262.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00f4ng ty TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing) s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ch\u00edp lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do Samsung (Nam H\u00e0n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9, Israel cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0\u00a0Nvidia\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Advanced Micro Devices\u00a0c\u0169ng mua ch\u00edp c\u1ee7a TSMC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cao San l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho TSMC nh\u1edd h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng cao g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ty Ho\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m (Hongxin) \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a TSMC qua \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n cho Tuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2m (Quanxin) \u1edf T\u1ebf Nam; gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 V\u0169 H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 cho Ho\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00eau l\u00fd do v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n. Hai c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Tin h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p th\u00eam v\u1ed1n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u1ebf Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng ra qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty Tuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2m sau khi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd sa th\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u m\u1ef9 kim, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ef1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf T\u1ebf Nam gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, s\u1edf \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u1ee7y, t\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. H\u1ecd b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho c\u00f3 l\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lo l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang \u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 quan m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Intel \u1edf M\u1ef9, TSMC \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan hay Samsung \u1edf Nam H\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 AT&amp;T, General Motors \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, Nga, Italy \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m 2014 Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u201cNational Integrated Circuit Plan\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch $150 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho TSMC \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, tung ra nhanh qu\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; v\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea3y v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 chia ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, Kubota cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty x\u01b0a nay ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi m\u0103ng hay m\u1edf ti\u1ec7m \u0103n (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n Tra (Tianyancha,&nbsp;<em>\u5929\u773c<\/em><em>\u67e5<\/em>), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ghi danh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn: N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng lo m\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/chips-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10312\" width=\"403\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/chips-2.jpg 605w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/chips-2-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/chips-2-465x271.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng mang t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u201cti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a\u201d n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ra ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim l\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00c2u, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Nam H\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua. V\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169ng t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cfabs\u201d l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00edp nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 nano-m\u00e9t (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t); nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00edp t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 nano-m\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 5G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p TSMC b\u00e1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chip nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ty Huawei kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n. Trong n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00edp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n; v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng $380 t\u1ef7 ch\u00edp t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan, b\u1eb1ng 18% tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng, theo tin&nbsp;<em>Bloomberg<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0m nh\u1eefng con chip nh\u1ecf, c\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. <strong>Mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i 10 nano-m\u00e9t tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cch\u1ee5p in\u201d (photolithography) d\u00f9ng \u201ctia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf\u201d (extreme ultraviolet light) hay EUV.<\/strong> C\u00f4ng ty H\u00f2a Lan, ASML, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y d\u00f9ng EUV. Nh\u01b0ng ASML ph\u1ea3i mua quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9. <strong>V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi TSMC (\u0110\u00e0i Loan) d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ASML (H\u00f2a Lan) v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt EUV \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00edp nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 nano-m\u00e9t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9, l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m b\u00e1n c\u00e1c con ch\u00edp n\u00e0y cho Trung C\u1ed9ng.<\/strong> Trong n\u0103m 2020, Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng mua c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edp m\u1edbi t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt, Nam H\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 $32 t\u1ef7; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng EUV m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt photolithography s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng EUV, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u00e0i Loan, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ty TSMC lu\u00f4n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (fabs) c\u1ee7a TSMC \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong khu T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfa ti\u1ec5n Patriots b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i bom th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ti\u00eau tan. V\u00ed th\u1eed gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111em v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 TSMC hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ch\u00edp kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i hay m\u00e1y bay. V\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00edp \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t h\u1ebft. <strong>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ef1 do khi b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thui ch\u1ed9t!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Ho\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m (Hongxin) \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2m (Quanxin) \u1edf T\u1ebf Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1eafc Kinh th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7t mua c\u00e1c con ch\u00edp t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, mu\u1ed1n mua c\u00e1c con ch\u00edp nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 nano-m\u00e9t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec3u \u0110\u00f4ng (Wang Xiaodong,&nbsp;<em>\u738b\u5c0f<\/em><em>\u4e1c<\/em>) c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3, \u00f4ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec3u \u0110\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ng\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n D\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngu\u1ed3n: <strong>VOA Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kinh t\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Hi\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17% ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (semiconductors b\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u534a\u5bfc,\u2019 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13289\">\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9011,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[165,118,82],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-13289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-kinhte","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-kinh-te"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}