{"id":13471,"date":"2022-02-12T05:20:29","date_gmt":"2022-02-12T05:20:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13471"},"modified":"2022-02-12T05:20:31","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T05:20:31","slug":"vien-canh-2022-tung-hoanh-voi-song-co-do-trung-quoc-vat-kiet-nguon-nuoc-chau-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13471","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh 2022: Tung ho\u00e0nh v\u1edbi S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eaft ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong>
NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"T\u00e2y
T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1: (1) D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, (2) Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, (3) Indus, (4) Sutlej, (5) Yarlung Tsangpo \u2013 Brahmaputra, (6) Irrawaddy, (7) Salween, (8) Mekong. [ngu\u1ed3n: Meltdown in Tibet, Michael Buckley, Palgrave MacMillan 2014] [3]
___________________<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc” ngay trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y<\/mark>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp:<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ean 1,6 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1 v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u1edd th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ecd x\u00e2y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con \u0111\u1eadp, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, giam h\u00e3m 90% ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00f4i sinh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng tham v\u1ecdng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ean S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf, d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 6.180 km \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y 60 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng cho xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong, Salween v\u00e0 Brahmaputra. S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed9i \u00e1c cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 imminent threat to humanity. Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. <\/em>Vi\u1ec7t Ecology Foundation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ngo\u1ea1i giao b\u1eaft 25% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m con tin\/holding hostage. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 100% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. <\/em><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a0 TH\u1ec2 H\u1eccC C\u00c1C CON S\u00d4NG L\u1edaN CH\u00c2U \u00c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 C\u1ef1c Th\u1ee9 Ba c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a hai con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c: s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed (1)<\/strong> 6.500 km d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng theo su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u ngang l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Hoa t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i \u2013 Shanghai, s\u00f4ng<\/strong> Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 (2)<\/strong> th\u00ec ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n \u2013 Tianjin, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2y T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc,<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Indus (3)<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Sutlej (4)<\/strong> ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 giao thoa v\u1edbi ba con s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 Punjab<\/strong> gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i. Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Yarlung Tsangpo (5)<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u201ccon s\u00f4ng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>\u201d, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c xuy\u00ean d\u00e3y Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea3y qua \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, Bhutan v\u00e0 Bangladesh, con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng<\/strong> Brahmaputra<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o V\u1ecbnh Bengal, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nam T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 ba con s\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng Irrawaddy (6)<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Salween (7)<\/strong> ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n Andaman<\/strong>. Ri\u00eang con s\u00f4ng Mekong (8)<\/strong> ch\u1ea3y qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: c\u00f3 t\u00ean Dza-Chu<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1\u201d<\/em>,<\/em> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam v\u1edbi t\u00ean Trung Hoa l\u00e0 Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang \/ <\/strong>Lancang Jiang<\/strong> \u201ccon s\u00f4ng xanh cu\u1ed9n s\u00f3ng\u201d<\/em>, <\/em>qua \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c Mae Nam Khong<\/strong> \u201ccon s\u00f4ng m\u1eb9\u201d<\/em>,<\/em> xu\u1ed1ng Cam B\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa Tonle Thom<\/strong> \u201ccon s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn\u201d<\/em>,<\/em> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3y qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam mang t\u00ean C\u1eedu Long<\/strong> v\u1edbi hai nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed5 ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng ch\u00edn c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3y.<\/strong> [H\u00ecnh 1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG KH\u00d4 H\u1ea0N CH\u00c2U \u00c1 CH\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u2013 v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh sinh h\u1ecdc \u2013 biological destiny\u201d<\/strong> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u1edbi ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 1,5 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (<\/em>th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1965, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/em> g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng 1,321,500;<\/em> Leo A. Orleans, The China Quarterly Jul-Sep, 1966<\/em>)<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb H\u00e1n ho\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 sinh c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, ngay n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t \/ suicidal deforestation, t\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch \u0111ang g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u01a1i c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Dalai Lama<\/strong> \u0111ang l\u01b0u vong ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean l\u1eddi k\u00eau c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 <\/strong>ch\u1ecdn<\/strong> <\/strong>\u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i sinh thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng.<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Hoa K\u1ef3 Timothy Roemer \u1edf New Delhi, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8\/2009, \u0110\u1ee9c Dalai Lama n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i 5<\/em> <\/em>-10 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean Cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft \u0111ang tan r\u00e3, n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc do nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.”<\/em> <\/em>[ngu\u1ed3n: Wikileaks Cables, the Guardian 10 Aug. 2009]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eafc Kinh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y<\/strong> th\u00eam<\/strong> c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp<\/strong> thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Yarlung Tsangpo \u2013 Brahmaputra<\/strong>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con s\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y ch\u1ea3y sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Bhutan v\u00e0 Bangladesh. Brahmaputra l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \/ total capacity c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd \u201cnhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u201d<\/em> c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t con \u0111\u1eadp Tam Hi\u1ec7p (Three Gorges Dam<\/strong>): 22.500 megawatts,<\/strong> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"B\u00edch
B\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: H\u00e2m N\u00f3ng To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u tr\u00ean Cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng; N\u1ebfu T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u1ebft. [3] (www.tibetanwomen.org)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cho d\u00f9 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Dalai Lama r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i sinh r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3i <\/em><\/strong>l\u00e0m sao gi\u1eef xanh h\u00e0nh tinh<\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/em><\/strong> n\u00e0y, qua th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i Sinh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \/ World Environment Day <\/strong>[ng\u00e0y 05.06.1986]:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. H\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tham lam v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y… Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 do b\u1edfi u minh. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay do hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gia t\u00e0i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.”<\/em> <\/em>[3]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00d4NG C\u1edc \u0110\u1ece<\/strong> \/ H\u1ed2NG K\u1ef2 H\u00c0 \u7ea2\u65d7\u6cb3<\/strong> : M\u1ed8T KH\u1ee6NG LONG C\u1ee6A B\u1eaeC KINH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y th\u00eam<\/em> <\/em>h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m<\/em> \u0111\u1eadp<\/em> th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/em> tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n <\/em>ph\u00f9 sa l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/em> to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, <\/em>t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf<\/em> c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u<\/em> <\/em>c\u01b0 d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nay ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/em> \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1<\/strong><\/em> n\u1eefa,<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang<\/strong><\/em> c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4 \/ mega project, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u2013<\/strong><\/em> khai m\u1edf m\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/em> con<\/strong><\/em> s\u00f4ng <\/strong><\/em>nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf \/ Red Flag River,<\/strong><\/em> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>xuy\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/em>, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/em> m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/em> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1,<\/strong><\/em> nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/em> c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf d\u00e0i 6<\/strong><\/em>.<\/strong><\/em>180 km<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>n\u00e0y<\/strong><\/em>,<\/strong><\/em> Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh <\/strong><\/em>th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/em> 60 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/strong><\/em> c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/em> gia <\/strong><\/em>kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/em> sinh ho\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/strong><\/em> n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng,<\/em> <\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i<\/em> Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi<\/em> h\u01a1n <\/em>1<\/em>.<\/em>4 t\u1ec9<\/em> d\u00e2n<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khai m\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/em> m\u00f4i<\/strong><\/em> sinh<\/strong><\/em> kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gieo ho\u1ea1 cho<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong><\/em>1<\/strong><\/em>,<\/strong><\/em>6 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/em> thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em> d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e2n bang chung s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/em> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd<\/strong><\/em> tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong><\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng chuy\u1ec3n 60 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 21% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i ba con s\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \/ transnational rivers: Mekong, Salween v\u00e0 Brahmaputra. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng, sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nam \u00c1, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Xinjiang ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf<\/strong> xuy\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n bang \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 sau Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Do T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u01b0a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft tan khi tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m, m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng hai cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y, cho 70% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho con S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111ang v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Ng\u00f4 Duy Nh\u0129, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 to l\u1edbn, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 imminent threat to humanity<\/em>. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.
Ri\u00eang Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec sao? V\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im \u1eafng \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d cho d\u00f9 S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Mekong t\u1eeb ngay n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u201cv\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d<\/strong> theo nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e1n \u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nay v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n Tam Hi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 nay S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/strong> V\u1edbi s\u1eb5n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0 s\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n D\u1ef1 \u00e1n S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n bang th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc Kinh quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec S\u00d4NG C\u1edc \u0110\u1ece V\u1edaI \u201cTAM TUNG T\u1ee8 HO\u00c0NH\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u00f4ng
S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf v\u1edbi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u201ctam tung, t\u1ee9 ho\u00e0nh \/ ba d\u1ecdc, b\u1ed1n ngang\u201d; (a) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en m\u1ecfng: c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn; (b) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm: S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 hai nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c nam-b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c; (c) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng g\u1ea7n: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc nam-b\u1eafc trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Chuy\u1ec3n N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam-B\u1eafc \/ SNWTP \/ South-North Water Transfer Project; (d) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng xa: trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. [ngu\u1ed3n: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng The Diplomat Oct 23, 2021, v\u1edbi th\u00eam ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi \u201cnh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u S4679\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa \/ Tsinghua \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Harvard c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>; do gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea1o \/ Wang Hao l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \/ gravity flow water diversion system<\/strong>, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh 4.500 m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n], d\u1eabn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh \/ main channel \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ Xinjiang kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cbi\u1ebfn T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t California Made in China xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa\u201d<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng con s\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh Chunfeng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Turpan t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng. [H\u00ecnh 3a,b]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f2n \u0111em n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Cam T\u00fac<\/strong> \/ Gansu, Ninh H\u1ea1<\/strong> \/ Ningxia. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e2y b\u1eafc s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 \/ Yellow River \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,3 tri\u1ec7u hectares di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c \u1edf T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u00eam 130.000 km2<\/sup> c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o \/ oasis xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 canh n\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Chuy\u1ec3n N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam-B\u1eafc \/<\/strong> SNWTP \/ South-North Water Transfer Project<\/strong>, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ water grid system<\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201ctam tung t\u1ee9 ho\u00e0nh \/ <\/strong>\u4e09<\/strong>\u7eb5<\/strong>\u56db\u6a2a<\/strong> \/ ba d\u1ecdc b\u1ed1n ngang\u201d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ Tam tung \/ sanzhong \/ ba d\u1ecdc:<\/strong> l\u00e0 3 tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nam l\u00ean b\u1eafc; 2 tuy\u1ebfn trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e2y \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai. Khi tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 17 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed sang s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c sinh con s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng (H\u00e0) \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ T\u1ee9 ho\u00e0nh \/ siheng \/ b\u1ed1n ngang:<\/strong> l\u00e0 4 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0: Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 (Yellow river), Ho\u00e0i H\u00e0 (Huai river), D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed (Yangtze river) v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i H\u00e0 (Haihe river)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cTam Tung T\u1ee9 Ho\u00e0nh\u201d<\/strong> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam hai k\u00eanh s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng Duy\u00ean \/ Hongyan H\u00e0 <\/strong>d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u00ean An \/ Yan\u2019an ph\u00eda b\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y \/ Shaanxi, v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng M\u1ea1c B\u1eafc \/ Mobei <\/strong>d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 B\u1eafc Kinh. C\u0169ng qua k\u00eanh s\u00f4ng M\u1ea1c B\u1eafc<\/strong>, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 qua nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng Duy\u00ean<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean \/ Sichuan Basin. [H\u00ecnh 3 v\u00e0 4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh<\/em> quy ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i c\u1ef1c<\/em> l\u1edbn \u2013<\/em> <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi cho<\/em> v\u00f9ng<\/em> t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em> m\u1ea1ng<\/em> l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 “b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m k\u00e9p” v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/em> ngu\u1ed3n<\/em><\/strong> n\u01b0\u1edbc cho B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eaaN BI\u1ec6N H\u1ed8 CHO TRUNG QU\u1ed0C<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i ra, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 hay tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khoa b\u1ea3ng trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho B\u1eafc Kinh r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. <\/em><\/strong>H\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0 nay, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y th\u00eam \u0111i m\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m % c\u1ee7a con s\u1ed1 16% \u1ea5y th\u00ec n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 khi n\u01b0\u1edbc khan hi\u1ebfm nh\u1ea5t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng Mekong l\u00ean t\u1edbi 40% v\u00e0 70%, g\u1ea5p hai t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. [ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/china-eyes-its-next-prize-mekong]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ru ng\u1ee7 m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201ctr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n \u2013 d\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \/ upstream \u2013 downstream\u201d b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc v\u1edbi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2016, nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u xin Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb con \u0111\u1eadp C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng \/ Jinhong \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i \u0110BSCL l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00d4NG C\u1edc \u0110\u1ece V\u1edaI TR\u00c1I TIM BI\u1ec2N H\u1ed2<\/strong> V\u00c0 \u0110BSCL<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy d\u1ef1 \u00e1n S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf S4678 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t mong manh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201csi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ hydro-hegemony tr\u00ean to\u00e0n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong>, v\u1edbi \u201cquy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t t\u1eaft m\u1edf v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d<\/em> theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi B\u1eafc Kinh mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc\u201d \u2013 <\/em>v\u1eabn n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u2013 Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi U\u1ef7 Ban Mekong Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 23 ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Tre H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i,<\/strong> c\u00e1ch \u0110BSCL h\u01a1n 1.600 km, th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu h\u00e0nh x\u1eed b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd B\u1eafc Kinh mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin \/ hay mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf S4679, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Genevieve Donnellon-May \/ \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Singapore<\/em> v\u00e0 Mark Wang \/ \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Melbourne<\/em>, th\u00ec B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ngo\u1ea1i giao b\u1eaft 25% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m con tin \/ holding hostage. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 100% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng bao<\/strong> <\/strong>gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. [1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f3i l\u0169\u201d \u1edf \u0110BSCL \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. L\u0169 \u2013 m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng \u0110BSCL, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u01b0a \u00edt \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \/ upper basin, k\u00e9o theo n\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec khi t\u1edbi m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u2013 thay v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u1ea5y \u1ed3 \u1ea1t theo d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng 16% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u0169 cao \/ hay \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u0169 trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 con s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3, t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n (t\u1eeb 2.700 km2<\/sup> m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1edbi 16.000 km2<\/sup> m\u00f9a m\u01b0a). Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u1ea3 hai v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 Tonle Sap \/ Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL \/ Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ M\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng sinh th\u00e1i \/ river ecosystem <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \/ biotic (nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, rong t\u1ea3o, s\u00f2 \u1ed1c t\u00f4m c\u00e1), nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt \/ microorganisms c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 phi sinh kh\u00e1c \/ abiotic (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t s\u1ecfi ph\u00f9 sa), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nay v\u1edbi th\u00eam Con S\u00f4ng C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng: ch\u1eb7n ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u2013 m\u00e0 ph\u00f9 sa l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng bao ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Nay c\u0169ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y khi xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0110BSCL do \u201cb\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i ph\u00f9 sa\u201d<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ecbch: thay v\u00ec b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp, th\u00ec nay l\u1ea1i \u201c\u0103n \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d g\u00e2y s\u1ea1t l\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1edd s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 800km v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fan do l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u201cbi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng El Ni\u00f1o v\u00e0 La Ni\u00f1a khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110BSCL, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRUNG QU\u1ed0C V\u1eaaN L\u1ed0I H\u00c0NH X\u1eec C\u00d4N \u0110\u1ed2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1972, khi TT Nixon vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m B\u1eafc Kinh, b\u1eaft tay v\u1edbi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edf c\u1eeda; r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng, theo c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/em>, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u00e1ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u n\u01a1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (1979).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed r\u1ea5t c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng Sa Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng L\u01b0\u1ee1i B\u00f2), v\u00e0o t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u0103m do\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u201cti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c \/ n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e9\u201d, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2021 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ngang nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i k\u00fd m\u1ed9t \u201chi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc chia s\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ water sharing treaty\u201d<\/strong> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. [1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia thu\u1ef7 h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham kh\u1ea3o, tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng, cho d\u00f9 B\u1eafc Kinh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p. V\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH<\/strong>
Mekong Delta 1995 \u2013 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: VOA Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t
https:\/\/www.voatiengviet.com\/a\/vi%E1%BB%85n-c%E1%BA%A3nh-2022-tung-ho%C3%A0nh-v%E1%BB%9Bi-s%C3%B4ng-c%E1%BB%9D-%C4%91%E1%BB%8F-trung-qu%E1%BB%91c-v%E1%BA%AFt-ki%E1%BB%87t-ngu%E1%BB%93n-n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc-ch%C3%A2u-%C3%A1\/6434135.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THAM KH\u1ea2O:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\/ _ What\u2019s Behind China\u2019s Latest Mega Hydro-Engineering Project. Genevieve Donnellon-May, Mark Wang. The Diplomat Oct 07, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_ Red Flag River and China Downstream Neighbors. Genevieve Donnellon-May, Mark Wang. The Diplomat Oct 23, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\/ \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng B\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n T\u1ef1 Hu\u1ef7 Ho\u1ea1i. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh. Vi\u1ec7t Ecology Foundation May 01, 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vietecology.org\/article\/article\/299<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\/ M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Nh\u1eefng D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh. Vi\u1ec7t Ecology Foundation. Jan 20, 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vietecology.org\/article\/article\/197<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\/ Thoi Th\u00f3p Tr\u00e1i Tim Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3, Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u0110au Th\u1eaft Ng\u1ef1c. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh. Vi\u1ec7t Ecology Foundation. Nov 7, 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vietecology.org\/article\/article\/122<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc” ngay trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp: C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,12,57,9,53],"tags":[165,118,212,98,81],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-13471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","category-kinhte","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-trung-cong","tag-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}