{"id":13732,"date":"2022-03-27T02:03:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T02:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13732"},"modified":"2022-03-27T02:08:25","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T02:08:25","slug":"solzhenitsyn-putin-va-chu-nghia-dan-toc-tai-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=13732","title":{"rendered":"SOLZHENITSYN, PUTIN V\u00c0 CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C T\u1ea0I NGA<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Th\u1ecb<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hay h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u00f2n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Hitler nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0ng son T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed7i \u0111au qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Alexander Solzhenitsyn v\u00e0 Putin xem qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Nga nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tho\u00e1t ra.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (nationalism) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: (1) th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 (2) c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec) m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (ideology) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc (patriotism),  l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t hay bi\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hitler, ngay trong trang \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1eddi Tranh \u0110\u1ea5u C\u1ee7a T\u00f4i (Mein Kampf), vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00c1o, m\u1ed9t Ukraine c\u1ee7a Nga nh\u01b0 sau:  N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c-\u00c1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1  m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1eabn n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. \u201c (Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Translated into English by James Murphy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Alexander Solzhenitsyn vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ukraine kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec Hitler vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00c1o trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1i D\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga (Rebuilding Russia) nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Kiev qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t Nga b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u201d (nh\u01b0 Nestor \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta\u201d.   <\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ukraine t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: \u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ukraine \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb cho Ukraine nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 li\u00ean minh li\u00ean bang v\u1edbi Nga.\u201d <\/strong>(Alexander Solzhenitsyn, \u201cRebuilding Russia, Reflections And Tentative Proposals\u201d, Moscow 1990, London 1991)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y , Solzhenitsyn vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn l\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c Ukraine n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec \u201ct\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Ukraine c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eaft ngang cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh: hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau; c\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u2026..\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solzhenitsyn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean nhanh, nh\u01b0ng Solzhenitsyn th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Solzhenitsyn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ea3y qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nga t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 8, 2008. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0  l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1u CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Putin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vladimir<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Putin xem Solzhenitsyn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y. <\/strong>Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Peter Eltsov, thu\u1ed9c National Defense University, <\/em>Putin b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho Solzhenitsyn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn t\u01b0 gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Putin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Solzhenitsyn \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Putin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ukraine: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i  l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ra h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng, then ch\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb, c\u1ea3 \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Rus c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 bang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. (Vladimir Putin \u201dOn the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians\u201c July 12, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Putin ca ng\u1ee3i Solzhenitsyn: \u201cSolzhenitsyn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nga v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u201d(Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Ba Lan\u2019s Gazeta Wyborcza v\u00e0 TVP ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 1, 2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 ba, m\u1ed9t Hitler di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, m\u1ed9t Solzhenitsyn nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, m\u1ed9t Putin \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng chia s\u1ebb nhau m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/mark>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hitler \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u qua Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai v\u1edbi Holocaust. Putin \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n tin th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Alexander Solzhenitsyn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eebng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 T\u1ea7ng \u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c (The First Circle<\/em>)<\/em>, Qu\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u1ee5c T\u00f9 (The Gulag Archipelago ) , M\u1ed9t Ng\u00e0y Trong \u0110\u1eddi C\u1ee7a Ivan Denisovich (One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich) v.v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfu v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng  v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i Solzhenitsyn, Boris Yeltsin c\u1ee7a Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t Yeltsin hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean xe t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CS t\u00e0n d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Yeltsin hai n\u0103m sau ra l\u1ec7nh xe t\u0103ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u00f9 bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd do g\u00ec hay nh\u00e2n danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Boris Yeltsin l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vladimir Putin  l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n truy t\u1ed1 Yeltsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng g\u1edfi cho H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u00e0 theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Alexander Solzhenitsyn c\u1ee7a Kodjak, Andrej, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do sinh ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 12, 1918 t\u1ea1i Kislovodsk. Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf d\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga trong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan ph\u00e1o binh. Cha \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi khi Solzhenitsyn c\u00f2n trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9. \u00d4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.  Solzhenitsyn theo h\u1ecdc ban to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rostov. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1edd to\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u1edf tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 kh\u1ed5 sai. D\u00f9 gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n, Solzhenitsyn v\u1eabn m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1939 \u0111\u1ebfn 1941, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00fd, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u1edf Moscow. Khi Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, \u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o binh ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00e1o binh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, Solzhenitsyn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00e2m giao t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng hay trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhau th\u01b0 t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3, Solzhenitsyn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Stalin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Th\u00e1ng 7, 1945 Solzhenitsyn b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00e1m n\u0103m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai. B\u1ea1n \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. Ra t\u00f9, Solzhenitsyn b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam Kazakhstan. N\u0103m 1961, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1edfi m\u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Khrushchev hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in. Khi Khrushchev b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 theo. C\u00e1nh CS t\u00f4n th\u1edd Stalin t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng  kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. N\u0103m 1969, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m sau, 1970, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Nobel V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Qu\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u1ee5c T\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, Solzhenitsyn b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c\u201d. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 2, 1974 v\u00e0 h\u00f4m sau b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0i n\u01a1i tr\u00ean qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Vermont \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Solzhenitsyn v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Nga, 1994. Solzhenitsyn qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 8, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Solzhenitsyn, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201cUkraine n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong li\u00ean bang Nga\u201d, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m  sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.<\/strong> Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau tai h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb 1939 \u0111\u1ebfn 1945 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 nhau qua nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169 d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Kh\u00f4ng. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1edf nh\u01b0  con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c ngay c\u1ea3 trong v\u00f2ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y ngang qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Phong tr\u00e0o M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (Arab Spring) 2011 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa l\u00e0i (Jasmine Revolution) cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng xa x\u1ec9 ph\u1ea9m. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi phong tr\u00e0o M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phim Blood Diamond l\u00e0 phim h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Sierra Leone trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh ch\u1eb7t tay r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ismail Darramy b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t tay v\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i  kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n. B\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng anh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t tay v\u00ec anh y\u00eau d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Th\u00f3i quen ch\u1eb7t tay d\u00e3 man n\u00e0y l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi vua th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n B\u1ec9 King Leopold II t\u00e0n \u00e1c ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Congo kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Nga. N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 do m\u1edf ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho 51 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n Ukraine m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine lang b\u1ea1t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8, 1991, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ukraine tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1  \u201cUkraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u201cquy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d ghi r\u00f5 trong Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c  v\u00e0 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd. <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn, 92 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Ukraine b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd Ukraine \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Nga h\u00f3a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/mark><\/strong> (Paul R. Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, University of Washington Press, 1996)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 (L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 6 (L\u1ec5 C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1 Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7) l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu Vladimir Putin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nga, l\u1ebd ra \u00f4ng ta n\u00ean ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i Ukraine tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng tay h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Rus, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean bang hay nh\u1eadp h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu Solzhenitsyn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ukraine, l\u1ebd ra \u00f4ng ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a 50 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh qua hai cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 thay v\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u kim l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solzhenitsyn ca ng\u1ee3i Putin b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Qu\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u1ee5c T\u00f9: \u201dT\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c nhanh nh\u1eb9n, th\u00f4ng minh nhanh nh\u1eb9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ham mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u2026th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9. Ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1eafm. <\/em>\u201d (Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Nga ng\u00e0y 21-9-2000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yevhen Sverstiuk, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ukraine b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CSLX b\u1ecf t\u00f9 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn: \u201cUkraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec Solzhenitsyn, c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ukraine. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, ph\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 s\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 Ukraine th\u1eadt kinh kh\u1ee7ng. Ch\u00fang sai, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch, lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\u201d<\/mark><\/strong> (Claire Bigg, Solzhenitsyn Leaves Troubled Legacy Across Former Soviet Union, Radio Free Europe, August 6 2008)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solzhenitsyn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m s\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft ai nh\u01b0ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng (m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Solzhenitsyn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine).<\/strong> \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u00f4ng b\u00e0 gi\u00e0, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em Ukraine \u0111ang l\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0n tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc do nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f4m nay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y th\u1ecbt r\u01a1i, nh\u00e0 tan c\u1eeda n\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ecnh anh em\u201d, \u201ct\u00ecnh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Rus\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cNga l\u1edbn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNga nh\u1ecf\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u201cc\u1ed1t nh\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n\u201d, \u201cn\u1ed3i da x\u00e1o th\u1ecbt\u201d  m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Ukraine.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Ukraine kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u1ecd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Ukraine t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hay h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u00f2n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,53],"tags":[165,118,212,284,289],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-13732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-nga","tag-ukraine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13732"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}