{"id":17601,"date":"2023-07-09T01:31:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T01:31:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=17601"},"modified":"2023-07-09T01:31:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-09T01:31:39","slug":"cha-me-bat-dau-day-con-tu-luc-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=17601","title":{"rendered":"CHA M\u1eb8 B\u1eaeT \u0110\u1ea6U D\u1ea0Y CON T\u1eea L\u00daC N\u00c0O?<\/strong>
TS Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ef9 Duy\u1ec7t<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"
______________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cPh\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Napoleon, nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cs\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ngay v\u1eeba khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi nh\u1edd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i chung quy g\u1ed3m: nh\u1eefng em nh\u1ecf mang c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u1ef1 K\u1ef7 (Autism), ADHD (Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder), T\u00e2m L\u00fd Ch\u1eadm Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n (Mental Retardation). Nh\u1eefng em \u1edf tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i hoang, b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng, nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp. V\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean t\u1eeb 20 tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng Tr\u1ea7m C\u1ea3m (Depression), T\u00e2m Th\u1ea7n Ph\u00e2n Li\u1ec7t (Schizophrenia), g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng C\u1ef1c (Bipolar). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 huynh c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh (Homosexual), h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh (Same-Sex marriage) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi (Transsexual).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, ph\u1ee5 huynh, v\u00e0 trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a: \u201cB\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng vin, c\u1ea3 g\u1eaby ng\u00e0nh\u201d. Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng lo d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi con b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean hay tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac n\u00e0y? Th\u1eadt ra, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb 100% nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u hy sinh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 hay ph\u1ee5 huynh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u0103n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi con em m\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? Ngay t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi hay 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201ceducation\u201d trong Anh ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh \u201c \u0113duc\u0101ti\u014d<\/em>\u201d <\/em>(nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y) bao g\u1ed3m \u0113d\u016bc\u014d<\/em> (t\u00f4i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o), li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m \u0113d\u016bc\u014d<\/em> (t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y ra; t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady). Theo ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u201cgi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d<\/em> (\u6559) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho bi\u1ebft, \u201cd\u1ee5c<\/em>\u201d<\/em> (\u80b2) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tri th\u1ee9c, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3  h\u1ed9i. [2]  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. Trong khi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, bao g\u1ed3m: H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 4 trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. [3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea0Y CON T\u1eea THU\u1ede CON TH\u01a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ca dao Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cD\u1ea1y con, d\u1ea1y thu\u1edf c\u00f2n th\u01a1\u201d. [4]. Ho\u1eb7c: \u201cD\u1ea1y con t\u1eeb thu\u1edf h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fac tr\u1ebb con trong th\u1eddi gian b\u00fa m\u1edbm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Jean Piaget, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ebb em, th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: [5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n C\u1ea3m X\u00fac <\/em><\/strong>(The Sensorimotor Stage): 0-2 tu\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb em. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong>. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y (18-14 th\u00e1ng), tr\u1ebb em t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u00f9ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

2. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n Ti\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c <\/em><\/strong>(The Preoperational Stage): 2-7 tu\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede cu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1, tr\u1ebb em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong> C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb th\u1ec3 l\u00fd b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd khi ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong> Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb 7 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c C\u1ee5 Th\u1ec3 <\/em><\/strong>(The Concrete Operational Stage): 7-11 tu\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi tr\u1ebb em l\u00ean 7 tu\u1ed5i. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u1edd quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra chung quanh m\u00ecnh<\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb em hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi n\u00f3i n\u0103ng. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc chia ra l\u00e0m hai, m\u1ed9t ly nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 cao, trong khi ly kia th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 to. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/strong> Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt.<\/strong> Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n Minh X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c <\/em><\/strong>(The Formal Operational Stage): 11 tu\u1ed5i – tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00ean 11 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ecu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi gian, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. B\u1eaft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea6M QUAN TR\u1eccNG C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6C GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C TU\u1ed4I TH\u01a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 khoa t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/strong> \u00a0T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. <\/strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e0nh bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gi\u1edd v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i? Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gi\u1edd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con c\u00e1i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ebb con ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1y, ch\u1eb3ng r\u0103n,
Th\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n cho \u0103n l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng\u201d. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 kho\u00e1n tr\u1eafng vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, cho nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng hay t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. <\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y khi con em b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 13 tu\u1ed5i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 v\u00ec con h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cung c\u00e1ch, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, ph\u00e1 thai, gia nh\u1eadp b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng, t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh h\u00fat s\u00e1ch, x\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 huynh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 than th\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi con h\u1ecd d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy c\u00f3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n sinh con, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu sinh con th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kho\u00e1n tr\u1eafng cho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00ean 3.<\/strong> T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Th\u00e0nh Ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cCon l\u00ean ba, c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i\u201d. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a khoa t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khi cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u00ean 3 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00ec n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u cha m\u1eb9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho con. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn khi con m\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra bao n\u1ed7i \u0111au kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u1ecdc kh\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc n\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 C\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00ean ba, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 17. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, th\u00f3i quen, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 30, \u201ctam th\u1eadp nhi l\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 17 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i.<\/strong> B\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua thi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i gia t\u00e0i k\u1ebfch x\u00f9 hay ti\u1ec1n tri\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho con c\u00e1i. Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n hay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TS Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ef9 Duy\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

___________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com \u203a Psychology \u203a Basics<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. https:\/\/eduedify.com \u203a four-pillars-of-learning-and-their-.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc. T\u1ee5c Ng\u1eef Phong Dao. S\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. https:\/\/positivepsychology.com\/piaget-stages-theory\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc. T\u1ee5c Ng\u1eef Phong Dao. S\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cPh\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Napoleon, nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cs\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ngay v\u1eeba khi ch\u00e0o\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,57],"tags":[212,116,226],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-17601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","tag-chuyen-de","tag-giao-duc","tag-xa-hoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17601\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}