{"id":18757,"date":"2023-10-22T02:17:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T02:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18757"},"modified":"2023-10-22T02:17:42","modified_gmt":"2023-10-22T02:17:42","slug":"tai-sao-tien-trinh-hoa-binh-oslo-that-bai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18757","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Oslo th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i?<\/strong>
Aaron David Miller <\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>\u00a0Aaron David Miller, \u201cWhy the Oslo Peace Process Failed,\u201d\u00a0Foreign Policy,<\/em>\u00a0<\/mark><\/strong>13\/09\/2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean B\u00e3i c\u1ecf ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13\/09\/1993, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong v\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3n m\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Israel kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Palestine r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 n\u1eafm tay nhau v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, trong khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi \u00f4m l\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0y, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ed7i tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo (Oslo Accords), v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa Israel v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Palestine (PLO).<\/mark><\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp-Israel khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efraim Halevy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Mossad, c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Israel, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0o t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Halevy gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri. H\u00f4m nay, 30 n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Oslo \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e1u, b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Israel-Palestine, n\u01a1i gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Israel n\u1eb1m \u1edf Jerusalem, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp B\u1edd T\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Palestine b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Con t\u00e0u Noah m\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u201cc\u1eb7p\u201d l\u00e0 2 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 t\u1eeb hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 an ninh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Palestine. \u1ede Gaza, Hamas v\u00e0 Phong tr\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Palestine li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel. C\u00f2n \u1edf Ramallah, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Palestine y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn do phe Fatah th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc B\u1edd T\u00e2y.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Oslo v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine. T\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n cho Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Palestine, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m an ninh<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, tranh ch\u1ea5p qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa b\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu hai b\u00ean s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Jerusalem l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/mark><\/strong> B\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh c\u1ee7a Israel, c\u1ea3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Israel Yitzhak Rabin l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng, Shimon Peres, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng.<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Palestine\u201d trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Oslo, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. C\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Palestine m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Israel. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2001, khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Bill Clinton r\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf, M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hai nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/strong> T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1999, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Oslo di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadn ba l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Palestine v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y: m\u1ed9t ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00f3 hai b\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Jerusalem th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u2013 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch PLO Arafat, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Do Th\u00e1i Rabin v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Do Th\u00e1i Perez nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, 12-1994<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Oslo, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau Oslo, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Rabin b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/1995, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Israel v\u00e0 Palestine \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3c c\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5 h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb hai b\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3.<\/mark><\/strong> Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c an ninh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i tay nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e1u \u2013 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Laromme t\u1ea1i Jerusalem, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c an ninh B\u1edd T\u00e2y Jabril Rajoub \u2013 khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m chung gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi Shaul Mofaz, ch\u1ec9 huy L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 Israel, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee3p m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, Oslo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf hai nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh, Uri Savir v\u00e0 Abu Ala (c\u1ea3 hai hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.<\/strong> Khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 25 n\u0103m k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo, \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Abu Ala, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ahmed Qureia, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a m\u00e0 Oslo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra: Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gay g\u1eaft, su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 hai b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhau qua n\u00f2ng s\u00fang, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u1eadn th\u00f9, nghi ng\u1edd, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eb1n ranh \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. C\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u1ed9ng m\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Oslo mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f3a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho Abu Ala v\u00e0 Savir, th\u00ec Oslo \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Israel v\u00e0 Palestine, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Rabin, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Palestine ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. <\/strong>Tr\u00ean t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng trong phong tr\u00e0o Intifada l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Rabin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1993, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Jordan, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1edd T\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gaza \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf PLO l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Syria v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 Jerusalem. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8\/1993, khi k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c Israel-Syria do M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m trung gian d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, k\u00eanh Oslo b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, Rabin b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Palestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo, Rabin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 sang m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a Israel \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1993, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Israel v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rabin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 kho\u00e1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng khai kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Israel n\u00e0o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/mark><\/strong>. Sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Israel t\u00e0n s\u00e1t 29 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine \u1edf Hebron. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi di d\u1eddi 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Israel s\u1ed1ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Israel \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd. Rabin lo s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng lo r\u1eb1ng Yasser Arafat, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch PLO, s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf B\u1edd T\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c Rabin kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd theo Oslo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Arafat, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo. B\u1edfi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng, ch\u00ed \u00edt l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Israel m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o cho Palestine \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Jerusalem th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Palestine.<\/mark><\/strong> D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Arafat, Oslo \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Israel, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 PLO l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Palestine. Arafat \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00ec, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng Oslo \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 Arafat s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong>. Th\u00e1ng 3\/2002, trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n George W. Bush, Anthony Zinni, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Arafat t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Israel bao v\u00e2y. L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1ecb ch\u1eafn ngang, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, n\u01a1i Arafat v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang m\u00e1y m\u00e0u \u0111en ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean b\u00e0n h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Palestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cam k\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Israel sang m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Israel bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn ra tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t xung \u0111\u1ed9t Israel-Palestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tin t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 Oslo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai t\u1eebng r\u1eeda m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111i thu\u00ea. T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Oslo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Israel v\u00e0 Palestine c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin x\u1ea5u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 b\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, Israel, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, Palestine.<\/mark><\/strong> X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an ninh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: L\u00e0 b\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, Israel \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, t\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1edf B\u1edd T\u00e2y (ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb 115.700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Israel \u1edf B\u1edd T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Gaza v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1993, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1999, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 176.973.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu: kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. <\/mark><\/strong>L\u00e0 b\u00ean y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Palestine \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Israel nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. D\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau Oslo \u0111\u1ec1u do Hamas v\u00e0 Phong tr\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Palestine th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Palestine, Arafat \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Israel, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a PLO. C\u00f2n t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, Israel \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1eed l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine tin l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. B\u00ean trung gian h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau Oslo l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n M\u1ef9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m: c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Rabin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ef9 Warren Christopher v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn Oslo v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7, tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 Rabin v\u00e0 Arafat \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u2013 Rabin mu\u1ed1n M\u1ef9 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine, trong khi Arafat lo ng\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi\u00a0Rabin b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t\u00a0v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1995, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Washington ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u00fd, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai \u201cl\u00ednh c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa\u201d \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra, ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Israel l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Israel, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m<\/mark><\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Oslo: m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra, v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 xa v\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi Israel, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Clinton trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Israel sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng George H.W. Bush. Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 v\u00ec, khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Oslo tr\u1edf \u0111i, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Rabin l\u00e0 Peres, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ehud Barak t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Tr\u1ea1i David, Clinton kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Israel. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Israel. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Israel c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh, n\u1ed9i dung tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean: V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine Saeb Erekat tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf khu nh\u00e0. \u00d4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi khi n\u00e0o ph\u00eda Palestine s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. M\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, Saeb \u0111\u00e1p, \u201cAaron, anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d T\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t Rabin, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Arafat v\u00e0 hai th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Israel \u2013 Benjamin Netanyahu v\u00e0 Barak \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Oslo, l\u00e0m trung gian cho ba hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c an ninh Israel-Palestine, trong \u0111\u00f3 CIA l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine.<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Oslo kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1993 \u2013 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, tranh ch\u1ea5p qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa b\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/2000 t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1i David. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00d4ng Rabin v\u00e0 Arafat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

30 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Oslo, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ho\u00e1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Israel-Palestine.<\/strong> Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, Oslo \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine c\u00f9ng nhau hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thay, cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Israel v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Saudi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Oslo, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Khu C (Area C), chi\u1ebfm 60% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch B\u1edd T\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Israel. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Palestine, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Saudi, cho r\u1eb1ng Israel n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Khu C cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Riyadh v\u00e0 Jerusalem, nh\u1eb1m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Netanyahu ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 Netanyahu \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang khao kh\u00e1t m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u2013 s\u1ebd linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i c\u1ee7a Oslo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Israel-Palestine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 Palestine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf hy v\u1ecdng \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201cvi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n b\u1ea1c\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu Oslo ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa Israel v\u00e0 Palestine l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho M\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o coi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia; m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trung gian h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea5n an, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; v\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa Israel v\u00e0 Palestine, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng hay cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel v\u00e0 Palestine c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aaron David Miller <\/strong>
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ef9 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Carnegie v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ef1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cThe End of Greatness: Why America Can\u2019t Have (and Doesn\u2019t Want) Another Great President.<\/strong>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>
https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/2023\/10\/19\/tai-sao-tien-trinh-hoa-binh-oslo-that-bai\/#more-53162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Aaron David Miller, \u201cWhy the Oslo Peace Process Failed,\u201d\u00a0Foreign Policy,\u00a013\/09\/2023 Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u1ee5ng V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai? Ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean B\u00e3i c\u1ecf ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13\/09\/1993, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,9,53],"tags":[165,118,212,297,119,82,298],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-18757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-do-thai","tag-hoa-ky","tag-kinh-te","tag-palestine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18757\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}