{"id":18979,"date":"2023-11-04T23:30:07","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T23:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18979"},"modified":"2023-11-04T23:31:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T23:31:38","slug":"gian-lao-cua-tt-ngo-dinh-diem-khi-day-nguoi-phap-ra-khoi-mien-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18979","title":{"rendered":"Gian lao c\u1ee7a TT Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m khi \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/strong>
TS Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn H\u01b0ng<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ca \u0111o\u00e0n vang vang trong th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u1ea5y. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh T\u00f2a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadt n\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. B\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1eadt trang ngi\u00eam, long tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i, ca \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t cho th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1c kh\u00fac ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng y M\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u00f4ng Francis Spellman, t\u1edbi th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong> \u00d4ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ca \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0u M\u1ef9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam m\u00f9a H\u00e8 1954, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn tranh lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u0103n minh, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cVi\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng.\u201d H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ch\u00ed s\u0129 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ed3ng y T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn New York t\u1edbi th\u0103m. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, nh\u00f3m thanh ni\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i ren, nguy hi\u1ec3m. Tr\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m, th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea7m, l\u00ec l\u00ec, \u00edt c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, kh\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u1eeb quan\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ba l\u1ea7n. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949, sau khi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Hai l\u1ea7n sau l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951 khi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1edf M\u1ef9. C\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1954, sau khi Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp (Treaty of Independence) ng\u00e0y 4 Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, 1954, \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 16 Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, 1954 khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Trong cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd \u201cCon R\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (1990), \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cC\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i khi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Nay t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t bi \u0111\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7,\u201d Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u01b0a ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea1. T\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m suy ngh\u0129, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i tu\u2026,\u201d \u00f4ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u01b0a ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0i trao ph\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u1ea5y \u00ad\u00ad\u00ad- ng\u00e0y 16 Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, 1954 \u2013 l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb quan \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00ean non t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed9ng hoa v\u00e0ng\u201d \u2013 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tu. Khi Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb quan, \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u0129nh nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng bao nhi\u00eau nguy hi\u1ec3m, gian lao ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ch\u00f4ng gai \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eb5n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc gian tru\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Foster Dulles c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d nh\u01b0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn<\/strong>. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean M\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i trong 10 th\u00e1ng, Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed1i ren 1954 c\u1ee7a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf \u00f4ng. L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00f4ng v\u00ec bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Paul Ely <\/strong>(t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. \u00d4ng Ely l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng John Collins c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn 2. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng Collins l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u1ee7y (r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9) c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Dwight Eisenhower t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1955, T\u01b0\u1edbng Collins \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m <\/mark><\/strong>(xem Khi \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh Nh\u1ea3y V\u00e0o, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng Collins \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1955, Washington c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u01a1 may, \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf c\u1edd trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 Washington \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y m\u1eadt l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y <\/strong>nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cKhi \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh Nh\u1ea3y V\u00e0o.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh sau Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1955, Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m quan tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Geneva (Th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, 1954) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat v\u1ec1 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Ng\u00e0y 20 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1955 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00ec h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u2013 Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. T\u1edbi Th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb 175,000 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 30,000. \u00d4ng Di\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1eabn hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n, 1956.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111i t\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Sau c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, 1955, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ed9 C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia Li\u00ean K\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ee9 Collins, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe l\u1eddi T\u01b0\u1edbng Paul Ely, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thuy\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y 14 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1955, \u00f4ng r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i NATO. \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ee9 G. Frederick Reinhardt<\/strong> sang thay Collins. T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 li\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 27 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m<\/mark><\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sang m\u00f9a Thu 1955, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m l\u00ean cao. \u0110\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hinh, t\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i (th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p), ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng<\/strong> nh\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1eb9p ti\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p Ely-Collins<\/strong>, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Washington nh\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u00d4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0y 26 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, 1955, Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Di\u1ec7m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a<\/strong> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u201cQu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d sang \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a,\u201d nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c ca v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Th\u00e1ng Ba, 1956<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 4 Th\u00e1ng Ba, 1956<\/strong>, c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111i b\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn<\/strong>. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 12 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ea7n 80% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i b\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn 123 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u trong s\u1ed1 405 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean. D\u00f9 t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang c\u1eed, \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c gian l\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/strong> \u201cRes Publica,\u201d quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Plato t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n,\u201d ch\u00fang ta d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a.\u201d N\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1956 l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/strong>. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng J.A.C. Grant, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea7u xong Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i L\u1eadp Hi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a H\u00e8 1956, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3n Ghi Nh\u1edb cho t\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Dwight Eisenhower, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch song song v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Eisenhower h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dulles th\u00ec sau chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1956,<\/strong> \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 sau ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd, \u00f4ng Dulles kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phe ph\u00e1i\u2026v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u00f5 trang m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eadt ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u2026<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cNh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n b\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac coi nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3 v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do: H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn (Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Geneva).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 26 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, 1956, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i L\u1eadp Hi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i L\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p sau khi Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh <\/mark><\/strong>(v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1959, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/mark>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1957, T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Eisenhower m\u1eddi t\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang th\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3 ba tu\u1ea7n<\/strong>. \u00d4ng g\u1eedi m\u00e1y bay ri\u00eang Columbine III sang t\u1eadn Honolulu, Hawaii, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m t\u1edbi Washington DC, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t h\u00e3n h\u1eefu. Khi m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng National (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Eisenhower \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong su\u1ed1t hai nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Eisenhower \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ra t\u1eadn phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ch. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud c\u1ee7a Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n\n\n

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TT Eisenhower \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp TT Di\u1ec7m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Sau khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Eisenhower v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dulles t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a B\u1ea1ch \u1ed0c, T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1eddi t\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft.<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vinh d\u1ef1 n\u00e0y.<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0ng ph\u00e1o tay n\u1ed5 ran khi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.\u201d M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1edb c\u00f3 mang qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n

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TT Di\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qua th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean. Theo m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e0i VOA (b\u00e1c Tr\u1ecbnh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea9n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u1ed7 tay vang vang th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i New York, Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Robert F. Wagner<\/strong> t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00cdt qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u00f9 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 hoan h\u00f4. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c cao \u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfc xe limousine mui tr\u1ea7n ch\u1edf \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111i qua. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t ca t\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cM\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/mark><\/strong>.\u201d Nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o The New York Times g\u1ecdi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.\u201d Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Life: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/strong> (A tough miracle man of Vietnam). Sau n\u00e0y Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lyndon Johnson (th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng John Kennedy) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cChurchill c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

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TT Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129, d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u thay nhau khen ng\u1ee3i. <\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb S\u0129 Jacob Javits (C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a-New York) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do.\u201d Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Mike Mansfield (D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7-Montana), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat nguy hi\u1ec3m, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng, ca ng\u1ee3i T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, can \u0111\u1ea3m, trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn.\u201d Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb S\u0129 John Kennedy (D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7-Massachusetts), sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m: \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00f2m c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cung (keystone to the arch), l\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay tr\u00ean con \u0111\u00ea (finger in the dyke)<\/mark><\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i m\u00e0u H\u00e8 1957, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m linh \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Washington DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu th\u1eadt l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, sau ph\u1ea7n tin t\u1ee9c nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 thao. B\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi. Sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui v\u1ebb \u201cxu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ch\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef \u0111i bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u00e0o m\u1eebng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i L\u1eadp Hi\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, ti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ban qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c oang oang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 ch\u00e0o c\u1edd, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 b\u00e0i tung h\u00f4 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m t\u1eebng l\u00ea g\u00f3t n\u01a1i qu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 28 Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1956, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Paten\u00f4tre do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1884 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 huy ho\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TS Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn H\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ca \u0111o\u00e0n vang vang trong th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u1ea5y. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh T\u00f2a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadt n\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. B\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1eadt trang ngi\u00eam, long tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i, ca \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18981,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,9,53],"tags":[165,118,212,119,82,536,434,226],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-18979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-hoa-ky","tag-kinh-te","tag-tt-ngo-dinh-diem","tag-vnch","tag-xa-hoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18979"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18979\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}