{"id":18990,"date":"2023-11-05T06:22:55","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T06:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18990"},"modified":"2023-11-05T06:22:56","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T06:22:56","slug":"nen-kinh-te-hon-hop-viet-nam-cong-hoa-the-mixed-economy-of-the-vietnam-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=18990","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n Kinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a (The Mixed Economy of the Vietnam Republic)<\/strong>
GS \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec3n<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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_________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A.T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Nh\u01b0\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cKinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4\u201d, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

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  N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o can thi\u1ec7p (Interference Measure) t\u1eeb 0% \u0111\u1ebfn 100% th\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga s\u00f4 vi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung c\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y B\u1eafc H\u00e0n (North Korea) \u1edf th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c 100%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga s\u00f4, Trung qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 75% tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady ? V\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf (Economic Development and Economic Growth) nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00ec tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o m\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t. D\u00e2n tr\u00ed trong m\u1ecdi l\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn d\u1eadm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai s\u00e1ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn do ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ngu d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 cai tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u1ede kho\u1ea3ng 25% tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o can thi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n Kinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u1ede th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kia t\u1ee9c  5% l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi trong b\u00e0i \u201cT\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  N\u1ec1n\u201dKinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 C\u00f3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (Government Interference), v\u00e0 \u201cC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u\u201d (Mechanism of Free Market with Supply and Demand)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00a0 Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 100%, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0n.<\/strong> Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 75% trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c doanh gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c 25% trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng\\ ty qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (Automous), v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 doanh v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi c\u1ea7n, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n 0% tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 doanh v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ec1n \u201cKinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d m\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u00a0 Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

  Tru\u00f3c h\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, tam quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp : C\u00f3 L\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi T\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, t\u01b0 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1t \u0111ai, t\u01b0 h\u1eefu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 .v..v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a, di chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. N\u1ec1n Kinh t\u1ebf.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n \u201cKinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00a0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do m\u1edf x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/strong> Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh xin thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 2 tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 V\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\u201d trong \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u00a0di l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1edbn cho \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai kh\u00f4ng canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cN\u00f4ng T\u00edn Cu\u1ed9c\u201d (Agricultural Credit Union) sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p\u201d (Agriculture Development Bank) <\/strong>c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n vay ti\u1ec1n mua h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng ..v..v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Nh\u1eb1m y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m S\u00fac trung c\u1ea5p (School of Agriculture, Forestry-Husbandry) \u1edf B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c, t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m S\u00fac t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m B\u00e1ch khoa Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. Hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/strong>. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eat l\u1eadp kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng heo l\u1edbn \u00c2u M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 V\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qua \u201cTrung t\u00e2m D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d (Center of Investment Services) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ef1 Do, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 gia, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho vay ti\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cTrung t\u00e2m Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7\u201d<\/strong> (Industrial Development Center) sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7\u201d<\/strong> (Industrial Development Bank) t\u1ea1i 42 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. M\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m\u00a0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u0110i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a\u201d r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp trung g\u1ea7n 200 c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t khu xa S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u00f4i sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1edf hai khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u1eefa. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khu \u201cCh\u1ebf Xu\u1ea5t T\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn\u201d (T\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Export Processing Zone) v\u00e0 khu\u201dK\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 Long B\u00ecnh\u201d (Long B\u00ecnh Industrial Development Zone) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Long B\u00ecnh do Hoa K\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 Long B\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u0103m 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u201cC\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7\u201dc\u00f3 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale de Developpement des Zones Industrielles) SONADEZI t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Trong c\u00e1c khu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 c\u1ed1ng r\u1ea3nh, san b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4 l\u00f3n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u01b0\u1edbn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ph\u00ed khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec7 sinh ..v..v.. v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngay \u1edf khu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 V\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfm ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cTrung t\u00e2m Khuy\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng\u201d <\/strong>(Export Development Center) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. Trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1eadt c\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho vay nhe l\u00e3i, cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u1ede tr\u00ean trung t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia khuy\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng\u201d (Nation Council of Export Development)\u00a0 do Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ea1i v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 Ngh\u1ec7, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Canh N\u00f4ng.v..v…V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p (Coordination Office) c\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u00f3c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng n\u1eb1m trong hai ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u00a0n\u0103m 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Ban ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n

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  Ngo\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng n\u1ed9i bi\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1m s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n, c\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p b\u00e1n cho co quan Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Hoa K\u1ef3 (USAID) l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4 la, tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho c\u01a1 quan (USAID) trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u00e1  Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd dung ti\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, mua qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c  v..v\u2026 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u2026v.. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng n\u1ed9i bi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay c\u01a1 quan t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (Autonomous Authority) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ra sao. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, Trung t\u00e2m Khuy\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng  v\u2026v.. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y do T\u1ed5ng hay B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m hay b\u00e3i nhi\u1ec7m. C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, l\u1eddi \u0103n l\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (COGIDO), c\u00f4ng ty Xi m\u0103ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v..v.. \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng l\u1eddi \u0103n l\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n, tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf doanh l\u1ee3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i h\u00f3a hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb \\cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u01b0u \u0110i\u1ec7n, Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thanh l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qu\u1ed1c doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3.<\/u><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m 1954-1975 v\u1edbi hai n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i c\u1eafm \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebfm b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00e1ng 4, 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  N\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1n B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh 1960 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh 1963 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. T\u1eeb 1963 \u0111\u1ebfn 1967 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i ren, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o  c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Mi\u1ec1n Trung, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ecb d\u1ef1t gi\u00e2y b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ma \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam,.c\u00e1nh tay n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00ec nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0.<\/u><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng 7% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam<\/strong>. \u0110o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ctay tr\u1eafng\u201d : h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ngo\u00e0i ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng. Theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 70% l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng, 15% ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, 10% ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 5% ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00e0m sao t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i \u0103n, ch\u1ed1n \u1edf, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho con em \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e2u b\u00e1c s\u0129, y t\u00e1, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho con em.. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

  C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn t\u1edbi Gia Ki\u1ec7m, l\u00ean B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c. ra Phan Thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n C\u00e1i S\u1eafn (Ki\u00ean Giang) g\u1ea7n R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, 100.000 di c\u01b0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 200.000 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean ch\u1ee1 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 khai kh\u1ea9n 270.000 m\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecf hoang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i C\u00e1i S\u1eafn s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c theo c\u00e1c K\u00eanh. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17 con kinh d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng T\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng, chuy\u00ean ch\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  C\u00e1i S\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.  T\u1ea1i \u201cK\u00eanh F\u201d th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1o, \u201cK\u00eanh G\u201d g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1t Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfu, \u201cK\u00eanh E\u201d g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n B\u1eafc Ninh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o. C\u00e1i S\u1eafn tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng C\u1eedu Long, 53.000 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 64.000 tr\u00ean Cao Nguy\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/u>.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

  \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng C\u1eedu Long l\u00e0 v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong 10 n\u0103m ly lo\u1ea1n. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4,2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n (1939). T\u1edbi 1954 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2,5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. C\u0169ng n\u0103m 1939 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng g\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, n\u0103m 1954 c\u00f2n 520.000 t\u1ea5n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u00eam g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng\u201d: kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ngo\u00e0i ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  N\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o hai m\u1eb7t : t\u00e1i canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a.T\u00e1i canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed3 l\u00e0 7 tri\u1ec7u hecta \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 2,5 tri\u1ec7u hecta b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. <\/strong>L\u00faa g\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n cho n\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, v\u00e9t n\u1ea1o k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m sao x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7\u1ea1 500.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 700.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u1ea7u m\u1edf, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u hecta.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, tr\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 khai kh\u1ea9n. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 300.000 r\u1ed3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng l\u00ean d\u1ea7n. T\u1edbi 1960 th\u00ec c\u00f3 78 l\u00e0ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. \u0110a canh h\u00f3a N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c canh (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u1ea1o th\u00f3c v\u00e0 cao su) sang \u0111a canh<\/strong>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau, hoa qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u0103c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p rau v\u00e0 hoa qu\u1ea3 cho S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng 1,25 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn Singap\u01a1re. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e0 r\u00f3t, \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e0 chua, b\u00ed, rau di\u1ebfp, t\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y. \u0110\u0103c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi : c\u00e2y c\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ra d\u1ea7u \u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda Nam v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. N\u0103m 1958 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Cacoa (ca cao) t\u1eeb Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1955 v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecba t\u00f4<\/strong> (ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap cho t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu canh t\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 mua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1edbi n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

  L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 ? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2.5% \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i 70% ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu 12.5%   di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c, trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 m\u1eabu m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 2 n\u0103m 1955 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 7 n\u0103m 1956 \u0111\u01b0a ra 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a\/ \u0110\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 15% t\u1edbi 25% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 b\/ Gi\u00fap cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t; <\/strong>ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc thu\u00ea ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 c\/ \u0110\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t <\/strong>khi thu ho\u1ea1ch \u00edt \u0111i v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d\/ Cho t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua \u0111\u1ea5t khi \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 57 th\u00e1ng 10,1956 c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1t \u0111ai l\u00e0 100 hecta, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 15 hecta \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 mua \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i theo \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho 4 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng : t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai n\u0103m, c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Thi\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng<\/strong>\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/u><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

     a\/ Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • TR\u00c2U V\u00c0 B\u00d2<\/strong>. \u00a0Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ed1 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat t\u1edbi 50% v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed5 th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam, b\u1ed9 Canh N\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng 21.000 tr\u00e2u t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00fac v\u00e2t. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e8m theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia s\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i do d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0 T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1960\/1961 s\u1ed1 tr\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea t\u0103ng l\u00ean 800.000 so v\u1edbi 220.000 n\u0103m 1954. <\/strong>Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u00f2 : b\u00f2 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean Trung hoa v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u00f2 l\u1edbn, ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 lai gi\u1ed1ng cho b\u00f2 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • V\u1ecaT.<\/strong> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n v\u1ecbt l\u1edbn. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u1eadt nhanh, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, tr\u1ee9ng v\u1ecbt mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng v\u1ecbt xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • HEO.<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i heo \u0111\u1ef1c t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn ph\u1ea9m. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1960, xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng heo s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt heo \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 3 trong s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng. Nguy\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u1edbi 80.000 con heo m\u1ed7i n\u0103m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

             b\/ Ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c ng\u01b0 s\u1ea3n : c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u00f4m cua v\u00e0 s\u00f2 \u1ed1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho kho\u1ea3ng 190.000 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c ng\u01b0 s\u1ea3n vi\u1ec5n duy\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Hoa K\u1ef3 USAID gi\u00fap t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a 3,500 t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0 mua l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n hay s\u1ee3i kenaf. Ch\u1ec9 trong 5 n\u0103m s\u1ed1 thu ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean 300% v\u00e0 t\u1edbi 1961 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n<\/strong>. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 60.000 t\u1ea5n c\u00e1 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        6. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

             a\/ C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Th\u1ee7y N\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eb1m y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y n\u00f4ng,<\/strong> b\u1ed9 Canh N\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng tu l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn hay b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2n trang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7y n\u00f4ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t : d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y nh\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t th\u1ee7y, x\u1ea3 ph\u00e8n, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

             b\/ T\u00edn dung N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eb1m y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan \u201cN\u00f4ng T\u00edn Cu\u1ed9c\u201d<\/strong> (Agricultural Credit Union) v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong> (Agricultural Development Bank).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i N\u00f4ng D\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cRadio N\u00f4ng Th\u00f4n\u201d do \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        7. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng K\u1ef9 Ngh\u1ec7<\/u><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

          Trong su\u1ed1t hai n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a 1954 \u2013 1975, t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. T\u1ef1 do kinh doanh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i h\u00f3a hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ecf xe, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea3ng du l\u1ecbch hay m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7m ph\u1edf, ti\u1ec7m h\u1edbt t\u00f3c v..v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u1ed5ng Nha K\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng chi ph\u00ed chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ed3m 1 ng\u00e0n trang nh\u01b0 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u0169 ni\u00ean II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf (th\u1eddi k\u1ef3) ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00ec v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau (What) s\u1ea3n xh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (How) v\u00e0 cho ai (for Whom) do m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (A central planning Agency) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1edfi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (Centrally Controlled Economy) nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Nga S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0n  v\u2026v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u00f9 \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh 20 n\u0103m r\u00f2ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Sang n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u201cK\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 1967, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c-\u0110a Nhim. S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 974 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 32 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Th\u0169y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110a Nhim, 1961 do 300 chuy\u00ean gia Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 3.000 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • M\u1ecf v\u00e0 tinh kho\u00e1ng<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u00edt qu\u1eb7ng m\u1ecf h\u01a1n B\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 xi m\u0103ng, th\u1ee7y tinh, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, than \u0111\u00e1 N\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, than b\u00f9n \u1edf C\u00e0 M\u00e2u. C\u00f3 hai m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3ng Mi\u00eau (Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i), v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3 (Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean). M\u1ecf s\u1eaft \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, H\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c, H\u00f2n heo, Con b\u00e9, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3i trung (Ki\u00ean Giang). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft kho\u00e1ng (magnetite), \u0111\u00e1 ong (laterite) v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft. kho\u00e1ng (oligiste).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u1ec1 tinh kho\u00e1ng, Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 tr\u00e0ng th\u1ea1ch (feldspath), v\u00e2n v\u00e0ng (nepheline), than ch\u00ec, mu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                a\/ C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 c\u00f4ng ty : C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (Automous Authority) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                b\/ C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng: G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 BGI,1927 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng ty r\u01b0\u1ee3u B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y, 1901 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng To\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                c\/ C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 : G\u1ed3m ba h\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 MIC, BASTOS, MITAC c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                d\/ Ng\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm: C\u00f3 h\u00e3ng Li\u00ean Th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Viet Nam v\u00e0 Hoa ki\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, Ninh Thu\u1eadn, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, Ki\u00ean Giang, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                e\/ \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p : G\u1ed3m M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u, V\u0129nh K\u00fd Intraco, Somico, \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111a ph\u1ea7n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi tham gia. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 21 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 Gia \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  a\/ B\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i : Ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960. C\u00f4ng ty b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Sicovina, Phong Ph\u00f9, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 30 tri\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1edbc \/ n\u0103m. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 9 c\u00f4ng ty v\u1edbi 12 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  b\/ D\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng t\u01a1 h\u00f3a, t\u01a1 b\u00f3ng : Ra \u0111\u00f2i t\u1eeb 1961 \u2013 1962. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 20, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 8 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng 200 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Visyfasa, Nam \u00c1, T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u, Li\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Thanh H\u00f2a, \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u1ecbnh, Ho\u00e0ng Anh, c\u00f2n 12 h\u00e3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  c\/ C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • D\u1ec7t m\u1ec1n len c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng Sakymen,1961 trang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Jacquard, 800 su\u1ed1t k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ec7t 800.000 m\u1ec1n b\u00f4ng fibrane m\u1ed7i n\u0103m\n
                      \n
                    • D\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00e3ng Tr\u00fac Giang (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 120 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) Tr\u1ea7n N\u00f4 (70 t\u1ea5n) Halicoty (70 t\u1ea5n) Kh\u1ea3i Vinh (60 t\u1ea5n) Sing Sang (30 t\u1ea5n) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Netting (30 t\u1ea5n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • D\u1ec7t bao b\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng Soviju, Dofitex \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 132 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t 1856 su\u1ed1t k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 6 tri\u1ec7u bao b\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i kenap nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • D\u1ec7t m\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nylon : g\u1ed3m hai h\u00e3ng Visyfasa v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u00c1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ec7t 1.5 tri\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1edbc \/ n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kim kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kim kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh  5 nh\u00f3m :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0a\/ Luy\u1ec7n kim, \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Th\u00e0nh M\u1ef9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 n\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0i Loan, \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 600 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng \/ n\u0103m, dung \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5n \u0111em tinh l\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i c\u00e1n th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        H\u00e3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam Steel luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n th\u00e0nh th\u00e9p, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 10.000 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        C\u00f4ng ty VICASA, trang b\u1ecb hai l\u00f2 n\u1ea5u th\u00e9p quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 12.000 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        H\u00e3ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u00f3 1 l\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang 5 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n th\u00e0nh th\u00e9p th\u1ecfi, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 12.000 t\u1ea5n th\u00e9p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      b\/ Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m kim kh\u00ed. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111inh, l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebbm, d\u00e2y k\u1ebbm gai. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m kim kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m \u0111inh, l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebbm, d\u00e2y k\u1ebbm gai, \u0111inh \u1ed1c , b\u00f9 long, con t\u00e1n, t\u00f4n tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebbm, th\u00f9ng, h\u1ed9p, lon  v..v\u2026 C\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng LIFAMEWO, M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Th\u1eadt Dung \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 10.000 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m., th\u00e9p sang dung ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111inh, d\u00e2y k\u1ebbm v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebbm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111inh, mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 31 h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 4.000 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1ecdc VITAKO v\u00e0 LIFAMEN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u1ec1 c\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebbm, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e3ng VITAKO v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 1.2 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o k\u1ebbm gai c\u00f3 4 h\u00e3ng : T\u1ee9 Nguy\u00ean, M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u, VITAKO v\u00e0 LIFAMEWO, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 1067 l\u00e0 2.400 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111inh \u1ed1c, b\u00f9 loong v\u00e0 con t\u00e1n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 T\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u00f4n tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebbm, c\u00f3 h\u1ea3ng VINATON, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 10.000 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 70.000 t\u1ea5n.Aric, k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng, Silico, v\u00e0 Li\u00ean \u00cdch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 143.000 th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u cho Esso, Shell v\u00e0 Caltex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng nh\u01b0 Wa Wa, H\u1ee5\u00ea Ngh\u1ec7, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u00ean, Qu\u1ebf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0129nh Du v\u00e0 V\u0129nh K\u00fd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng 7.5 tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng , h\u1ed9p, lon \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1edf b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft tr\u1eafng n\u0103m 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      c\/ Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 60 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u00f4m chia th\u00e0nh 12 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong>. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 V\u1ea1n L\u1ee3i, Hi\u1ec7p L\u1ee3i, Ninh S\u01a1n, Tu\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1t, Vinalu, Vidafa, C\u00e1t L\u1ee3i, Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 B\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      d\/ C\u01a1 kh\u00ed. C\u01a1 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f2n \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 CARIC v\u00e0 SAO, c\u00f2n EIFEL v\u00e0 SFEDTP thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      e\/ L\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, m\u00e1y may, xe scooter v\u2026v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u1ec1 xe m\u00e1y, h\u00e3ng r\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng 85 \u2013 90% b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ecb g\u00eda FOB c\u1ee7 xe nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfc, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng r\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm 10% (xe Vespa) 15% (xe Lambretta) v\u00e0 26% xe ba b\u00e1nh (xe Lam). C\u00f4ng ty Phi M\u00e3 r\u00e1p xe Vespa, c\u00f4ng ty VINACO r\u00e1p xe Lambretta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u00a0 V\u1edbi m\u00e1y may, h\u00e3ng r\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y. C\u00f3 12 h\u00e3ng r\u00e1p nh\u01b0 LUCIA-ASIE, SINCO, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, VINACO, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0110\u1ee9c La, \u00a0Hu\u1ef3nh \u0110\u0103ng Ngu\u00f4n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec7p, Mycolty, T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Sinaco v\u00e0 Dress Sewing Machine. V\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p xe LaDaLat, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m son tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Cao su.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954 c\u00f3 hai h\u00e3ng cao su l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 LABBE v\u00e0 BATA v\u00e0 sau 1945 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng cao su n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 4 nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        1. Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ecf ru\u1ed9t xe.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1970, mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10 h\u00e3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Michelin v\u00e0 Dutaco \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea3ng n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u1ee3i, Liandrat, \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00cdch, Vi\u1ec7t T\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p cao su.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            Mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p cao su, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e3ng H\u1ee3p \u00d4n. N\u0103m 1968, ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 275.000 \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y cao su v\u00e0 983.000 d\u00e9p cao su.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ec7m x\u1ed1p (mousse).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hai h\u00e3ng Liandrat v\u00e0 Kim \u0110an. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam h\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 V\u0103n, Li\u00ean S\u01a1n, G\u1ea5m V\u00e0ng, Ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 X\u1ed3ng X\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1967 ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 922 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              • Ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng linh tinh b\u1eb1ng cao su.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 12 h\u00e3ng nh\u1ecf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc, bong b\u00f3ng, d\u00e2y thun, \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0y, th\u1ea3m cao su  v ..v\u2026T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00f9ng S\u00e1i g\u00f2n, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u1ea1t 512 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xi m\u0103ng.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1954, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn xi m\u0103ng. N\u0103m 1961 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xi m\u0103ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 hai c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Ki\u00ean L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 30% nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ee7y tinh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    C\u00f4ng ty th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ea3ng Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Indochinoise Pyrotechnie \u2013 BGI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    •  C\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y, COGIDO (C\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 H\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (T\u00e2n Mai). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (Autonomous Authority). Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 1975, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, sau khi th\u1ecfa m\u1ea3n nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng sang Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        \n
                                      1. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1960, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1960, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        1. H\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                          C\u00f3 6 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00f4ng ty VICACO, VIKAINCO, NAMYO, Thi\u00ean H\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t soude caustique (NaOH) v\u00e0 Acide  Chlorhydrique (HCI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          C\u00f4ng ty SOAEO (Societe d\u2019Oxygene et d\u2019Acetylene) chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0  O2, C2H2 (Acetylene) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Carbonic (CO2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          1. Nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                            T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1969, mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 250 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 30 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n, r\u1ebb, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng cao su, nh\u00f4m, tre v\u00e0 m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              N\u0103m 1969, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo g\u1ed3m gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p 294.715 \u0111\u00f4i, g\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfng 74.523 c\u00e1i, n\u00fat nh\u1ef1a 4.6 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1i, n\u1eafp nh\u1ef1a 1.2 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1i, h\u1ed9p nh\u1ef1a 32.200 c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \n
                                            1. X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                              Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n c\u00f3 21 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n B\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Viso v\u00e0 Net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \n
                                              1. \u00c2u d\u01b0\u1ee3c (Thu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00c2u d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111a ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967, 10 vi\u1ec7n b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u00c2u d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m O.P.V, Roussel, Tenamyd, Cophavina, Neofarma, Sifapp, Farmo, La Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Vinaspecia. T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a 10 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u1ea1t 2.2 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng.;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. B\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Ng\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 4 h\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m Thi\u00ean H\u01b0\u01a1ng, VIFOINCO, NABOCO v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1969 t\u0103ng 1,700%, t\u1eeb 137 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m l\u00ean 2,334 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. Ng\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c da<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                    Ng\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c da ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 2 h\u00e3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0 VINAD v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh L\u1ee3i, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. N\u0103m 1967, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t da thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1t 553,862  pieds, da \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t 152,281 kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                      S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • Qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                        C\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 NATICO (C\u00f4ng ty Nam Ti\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 T\u00e2n L\u1ee3i k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Electric Industry, Minh T\u00e2n Trading, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc Giao. Hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n cao l\u00e0 Bel Air c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Natico c\u1ee7a Nam Ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Natico n\u0103m 1967 g\u1ed3m 2.378 qu\u1ea1t b\u00e0n v\u00e0 2.122 qu\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat gi\u00f3 482, qu\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n 1.326. C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty T\u00e2n L\u1ee3i g\u1ed3m 9.620 qu\u1ea1t b\u00e0n, 2.122 qu\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 482 qu\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • \u0110\u00e8n pin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                          S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n pin l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 8 h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n pin, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, g\u1ed3m Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng (t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o), \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, Kwong Ming, Videco, Kwong, Wa, B\u1ea1c Lan, Vinameco v\u00e0 Pin \u0111\u00e8n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kwom Ming v\u00e0 Videco l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • D\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                            C\u00f3 hai h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Thamyco v\u00e0 C\u01b0\u1eddng Sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              N\u0103m 1969 c\u00f3 th\u00eam 2 h\u00e3ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Videco v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u00c1, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 2.450 t\u1ea5n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Thamyco nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                              Mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bong \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 COTECO v\u00e0 VIELECCO. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1967 Coteco s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 tri\u1ec7u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, Vielecco s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 331.685 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 200 watt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \n
                                                              • B\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                C\u00f3 2 h\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 VABCO (Vi\u1ec7tnam Automoyive Battery Corporation) v\u00e0 VIDECO (Vi\u1ec7tnam Development Corporation). C\u1ea3 hai h\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.     Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n xe h\u01a1i 6 volt v\u00e0 120 volt lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ec. Ri\u00eang Videco c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n cho xe scooter v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y d\u1ea7u. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hai h\u00e3ng t\u0103ng 1.5 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 34.662 n\u0103m 1964 l\u00ean 48.645 b\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                C. GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C<\/u><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m son \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                B\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                B\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Chu V\u0103n An, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea3i, H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc C\u1ea9n, Petrus K\u00fd, Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gia Long, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0\u00a0 Tabert, Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 T\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Jean Jacques Rousseau, Yersin, Marie Curie, v\u00e0 Regina Pacis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                B\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954 mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Sau 1954 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt khoa, V\u0103n khoa, Y khoa, Nha khoa, D\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n v\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Trung t\u00e2m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m S\u00fac.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Minh \u0110\u1ee9c, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1eedu Long, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Sorbone, Haute d\u2019Etude de Commerce \u1edf Paris, Cambridge \u1edf Anh qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Havard, MIT, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Berkeley bang California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb b\u1eadc c\u1eed nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.c\u00f3 g\u00eda tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0Trong Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00f5 B\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ec9 huy tham m\u01b0u cao c\u1ea5p, \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0110\u1eb3ng Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                L\u1edcI K\u1ebeT<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t trong su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m do c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam cu\u1ed9c \u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, nh\u00e0 \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba thi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c cho t\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 1975, b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c t\u1eed b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

                                                                \n
                                                                \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0 N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 20 n\u0103m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c do C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c trong c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c canh n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. <\/strong>\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u201c\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o\u201d? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u n\u00f3i d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi \u201cCha chung kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f3c\u201d v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a\u201d v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (Autonomous Authority) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh doanh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng do h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, mu\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y d\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 TV, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh v..v..<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  V\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam g\u1ea7n 2 t\u1ef7 m\u1ef9 kim do Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn sang C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t trong 20 n\u0103m 1954 \u2013 1975 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty may d\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0169 k\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n xu\u00e1t v\u1ea3i th\u00f4. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb 3 t\u1edbi 5 m\u00e9t v\u1ea3i. Th\u1eadt th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n \u201cKinh t\u00e9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n  nay th\u00ec r\u00f5 n\u1ea1n l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u00e8n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c thua m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao v\u00e0 trung c\u1ea5p trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u, h\u00e0ng t\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  Sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1986 do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111ang d\u1ea9y ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f4 la do vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 do Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap b\u00e0 con h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n VI\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ra sao, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Trung qu\u1ed1c 80% nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba trong khi c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  T\u1eeb 1986 t\u1edbi 2020, t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 20 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Trong th\u1eddi gian 34 n\u0103m (2020 \u2013 1986) n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 680 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda 340 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la b\u1ecb tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y vila, si\u00eau bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 v\u00e0 cao \u1ed1c l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0 C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 340 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0m g\u00ec ? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n 1980. Nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam khen ng\u1ee3i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n v\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh ng\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, xa l\u1ed9 th\u00eanh thang. c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c th\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cao \u1ed1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 m\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n g\u00f4n (golf) \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t sang tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n vinh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00e3y ra v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea xa x\u00f4i th\u1eed xem, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ai \u1edf nh\u1eefng cao \u1ed1c sang tr\u1ecdng kia ? H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p trung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00f4 d\u00f9 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1edbi 680 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 34 n\u0103m qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea5p 100 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m g\u00ec Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                 \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 85 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi c\u00f2n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c tuy nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00ean nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chu to\u00e0n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 2020 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u00a0 Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ch\u1eafc bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ai ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                GS \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec3n<\/strong>
                                                                C\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00f5 B\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                —————————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n