{"id":21263,"date":"2024-05-12T22:46:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-12T22:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21263"},"modified":"2024-05-12T22:46:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-12T22:46:33","slug":"vi-sao-nhieu-sinh-vien-tot-nghiep-dai-hoc-o-trung-quoc-that-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21263","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p?<\/strong>
The Economist<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u1ea3nh sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chen nhau xin vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i “H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m” \u1edf Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh. \u1ea2nh Xinhua<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> \u201cWhy so many Chinese graduates cannot find work.\u201d The Economist<\/em>,<\/mark><\/strong> 18\/04\/2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1eb7ng Nh\u1eadt Huy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng n\u0103m nay th\u1eadt t\u1ec7. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u0103ng tin thu\u00ea th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp sinh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 1.000 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 (140 USD) m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong> T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 \u1edf C\u00e1t L\u00e2m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao, theo l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean s\u1eafp t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u201cL\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1eefa.\u201d M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f4 vi\u1ebft: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 16 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 21,3% v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i.<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khi \u0111ang \u0111i h\u1ecdc. (M\u1ef9, Anh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.) D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng: 15,3% thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c h\u01a1n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cho nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m), t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 16 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 25,2% trong n\u0103m 2020, n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/mark><\/strong> Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u1ea5p 1,8 l\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng ngh\u1ec1, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm 70% s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 9% c\u1ee7a hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb, s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 47% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m. <\/mark><\/strong>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng. N\u0103m nay d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 12 tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u0103ng 2% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Tang Min<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec3n sinh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990<\/strong>. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua chi ti\u00eau cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tr\u1ebb em sinh ra theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999. V\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i chu c\u1ea5p cho cha m\u1eb9 l\u00fac gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n

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C\u1ea3nh sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eafp h\u00e0ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua. Trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 thu h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, t\u0103ng 560% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2004. Khi \u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 4 tr\u00ean 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec3m cao kh\u1ea3o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1999, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 th\u00ed sinh thi cao kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ec7ch cung c\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhu c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 thi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 2,3 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024, t\u0103ng 48% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i<\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 trong k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tay ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 giao \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay \u1edf \u00d4n Ch\u00e2u cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chim.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li Xiaoguang t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Giao th\u00f4ng T\u00e2y An v\u00e0 Lu Yao t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e0 Lu cho bi\u1ebft, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 25% ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 23 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 21% h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 2015<\/strong>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, b\u00e0 Lu n\u00f3i, khi sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. <\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do Eric Hanushek c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 72% xu\u1ed1ng 34% trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 2007 \u0111\u1ebfn 2018 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 35 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2008, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec3n sinh cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nhanh. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/strong>. Ri\u00eang n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 61 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1edd Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o, c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, khoe khoang: \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd C\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t v\u00e0o tai r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thang d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Economist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>
https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/2024\/05\/02\/vi-sao-nhieu-sinh-vien-tot-nghiep-dai-hoc-o-trung-quoc-that-nghiep\/#more-56054
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\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n: \u201cWhy so many Chinese graduates cannot find work.\u201d The Economist, 18\/04\/2024. Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1eb7ng Nh\u1eadt Huy V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng n\u0103m nay th\u1eadt t\u1ec7.\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,9],"tags":[165,118,212,116,82,301,98],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-21263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-giao-duc","tag-kinh-te","tag-that-nghiep","tag-trung-cong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21263\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}