{"id":21327,"date":"2024-05-17T02:49:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T02:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21327"},"modified":"2024-05-17T02:49:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T02:49:25","slug":"tuoi-gia-cai-nhin-ve-thoi-gian-va-tuoi-tac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21327","title":{"rendered":"TU\u1ed4I GI\u00c0: C\u00c1I NH\u00ccN V\u1ec0 TH\u1edcI GIAN V\u00c0 TU\u1ed4I T\u00c1C<\/strong>
TS Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ef9 Duy\u1ec7t<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

M\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, mai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee9 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u1ee7 nhau t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm: \u201cBao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean m\u00ecnh?\u201d V\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 sinh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u0103n kho\u0103n, lo l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 hai quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • Tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d (Kh\u00f4n Ngoan 4: 7-15). S\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u thi\u00ean vinh d\u1ef1\u201d (16:31). C\u00f2n theo Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec: \u201cCha gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca. M\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt B\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c, con ch\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u00e0 nua, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng gi\u00e0 nua, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u xa tr\u00e1nh. \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u201cNh\u00e2n l\u00e3o t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t l\u00e3o<\/strong>.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1c quan, s\u1ed1ng thanh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, bi quan, ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u201cGi\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i!<\/strong>\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7. H\u1ecd nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 suy ngh\u0129, c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0? V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      TU\u1ed4I GI\u00c0 L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb cao ni\u00ean, l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh, b\u00f4 l\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, cao tu\u1ed5i hay nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ed5i. Tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. Tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Wikipedia. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Trong Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cNg\u0169 th\u1eadp tri thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 50, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 60 t\u1ee9c \u201cL\u1ee5c th\u1eadp nhi nh\u0129 thu\u1eadn\u201d, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian suy tho\u00e1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 cao m\u1ee1, cao m\u00e1u, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ed1ng phong, tim m\u1ea1ch\u2026ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a y khoa, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n do h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Alzheimer, b\u1ec7nh qu\u00ean s\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u00fa l\u1eabn, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ctu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 v\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, d\u0169ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cam ch\u1ecbu.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u00f3i chung tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ec3 v\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n minh, Aristotle c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Trong Ethics<\/em> (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u201cTu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i; ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u00edch k\u1ef7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • T\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Theo T\u00e2m L\u00fd X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, Erik Erikson trong \u201cNh\u1eefng Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n T\u00e2m L\u00fd X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/strong>\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i 8 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb khi sinh ra, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a \u201cTo\u00e0n v\u1eb9n vs Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng\u201d (Integrity vs. Despair), trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n

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          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao ni\u00ean nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cd\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 80 v\u00e0 90, Joan Erikson th\u00eam v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 9 trong \u201cThe Life Cycle Completed: Extended Version.\u201d<\/em> Theo b\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 8 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi g\u1eaft gao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao ni\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 9 \u201cth\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Newman & Newman c\u0169ng n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ed5i Gi\u00e0<\/strong>\u201d (Elderhood) \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 9. Chia ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m: \u201cGi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb trung\u201d (young old), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cGi\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c\u201d (old old). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00ec y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t cao ni\u00ean h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, theo B\u00e1c S\u1ef9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n Huy\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, m\u1ec7t m\u00e3, t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. [2] M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c sinh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cKhi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 xin g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, th\u00ec th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an \u1ee7i!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
            \n
            \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 ngoan \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. <\/strong>T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 g\u1ed1c M\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a The Pew Research Center gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u v\u00e0 da tr\u1eafng, 62% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 65-74 v\u00e0 70% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi 75 tr\u1edf l\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u201cr\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d. 76% \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 53% \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 65 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 87% ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u, 63% ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u201cr\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi 60 tr\u1edf l\u00ean 25% \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 40% xem nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh<\/strong>. Pew Research c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi 65 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, 75% ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 87% ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 26,5 tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfm 27% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/strong>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eabn c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1edd t\u1ef1, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o [3], nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao ni\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            NH\u1eeeNG V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u1ee6A TU\u1ed4I GI\u00c0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

            Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Joan Erikson nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ra r\u00eca, v\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201cnh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3\u201d. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tu\u1ed5i g\u00ec \u00edt khi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Khi Johnson v\u00e0 Barer kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qua 85 tu\u1ed5i\u201d, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y 24% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 85 tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh; nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai tr\u00ean 85 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau c\u00f9ng, thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n