{"id":21415,"date":"2024-05-25T21:13:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-25T21:13:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21415"},"modified":"2025-07-06T06:44:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T06:44:50","slug":"xe-chay-bang-dien-va-nhieu-cau-hoi-chua-duoc-tra-loi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=21415","title":{"rendered":"Xe Ch\u1ea1y B\u1eb1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec1u C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Ch\u01b0a \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi<\/strong>
-S\u01a1n H\u00e0<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u01a1n H\u00e0<\/em><\/strong> (May.2024)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00e0 x\u0103ng (gasoline) ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u1eb7n (diesel). \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt (lubricating oil, grease) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t (fossil fuel \u2013 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb pin (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00ecnh \u1eafc-quy – battery), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c CO (monoxide). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1t x\u0103ng hay d\u1ea7u; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u; th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed CO, l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xe h\u01a1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Electric Vehicle (EV). B\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n (pin) sau khi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c (charge) l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u201cxe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u201cxe \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1t Minh T\u1eeb L\u00fac N\u00e0o?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0 Robert Anderson, Thomas Davenport v\u00e0 \u00c1nyos Jedlik \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 pin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 xe h\u01a1i d\u1eadp t\u1eaft r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh trong k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. C\u01a1 quan An To\u00e0n Tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ed1 (Road Safety Agency) cho r\u1eb1ng, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u00eam khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xe h\u01a1i \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quen ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh\u201d<\/em>. O\u00e1i o\u0103m thay, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n hay ti\u1ec7n \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3. R\u1ed3i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 “La Jamais Contente” (“The Never Satisfied”), m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111i\u1ec7n do m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ec9 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Camille Jenatzy ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1899 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 100km\/h. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 (ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u). V\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh trong k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00ean xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo C\u01a1 Quan N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf (International Energy Agency -IEA), c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfc xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 400 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt, xe \u0111\u00f2 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 sao, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u0169 k\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, c\u00f3 khi m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i phe nh\u00f3m. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau H\u01a1n Tr\u0103m N\u0103m Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n M\u1edbi \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u1ebfu C\u1ed1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i, k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u n\u0103m; c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c pin, thay \u0111\u1ed5i pin, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh khi\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n xe x\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. Gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n; tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng xe x\u0103ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady so v\u1edbi xe x\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe x\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u, ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o pin, \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u00fd ni\u1ec7m trong s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (CO2) v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1edbt l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac C\u1ee7a Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng xe Audi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh \u2013 1\/ pin (battery), 2\/ \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (motor) v\u00e0 3\/ b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c (controller\/charger). Pin l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb pin \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. B\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n AC (\u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u), \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb AC th\u00e0nh DC (\u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u), s\u1ea1c v\u00e0o Pin lithium-ion (lithium-ion battery – LIB) l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng DC.<\/p>\n\n\n

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c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p, xe th\u1ec3 thao (sports car), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin 800V. Lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o m\u1ea1nh. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin 800V, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c. Xe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin 800V, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o pin 800V c\u0169ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a xe s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng pin 400V. Xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin c\u1ee7a xe l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (controller) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c (charger) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhu li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c<\/strong> ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hay c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi kh\u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba trong khi xe \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y khi xe xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe (tr\u1edbn c\u1ee7a xe xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c) l\u00e0m xe ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p. T\u00e0i x\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i h\u00e3m th\u1eafng (ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cruise control) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef xe kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (speeding). \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o, l\u1ea5y ra,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u00f3c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u1eeda, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh xe, n\u1ecbt an to\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong xe, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, camera chung quanh xe, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c\u2026 B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eeb satellite \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe, gi\u00fap t\u00e0i x\u1ebf v\u1ebd l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho bi\u1ebft xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1c pin; tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0o s\u1ea1c nhanh, tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0o s\u1ea1c ch\u1eadm,\u2026 B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong s\u1ed5 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111i bi\u1ec3n. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; l\u00fac n\u00e0o xe kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u (to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9,\u2026), d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u,\u2026 khi n\u00e0o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh,\u2026 Nh\u1eefng data n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tu\u1ef3 theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho xe v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong xe, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/em> (autopilot) c\u00f2n \u0111ang trong v\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201cl\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u201cl\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/em> nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 An To\u00e0n C\u1ee7a Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n cho gi\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc. An to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ho\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1n, hay ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. Pin lithium-ion (LIB) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee6y ban An To\u00e0n Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c Gia (National Transportation Safety Board – NTSB) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n sau cu\u1ed9c va ch\u1ea1m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p, b\u1ecb pin lithium-ion \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao (voltage) c\u1ee7a xe g\u00e2y ra. NTSB c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea3 do pin lithium-ion c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao.<\/p>\n\n\n

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xe Audi c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa l\u1eeda (#32) g\u1eafn trong xe <\/em>
ph\u00f2ng khi b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea3<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

H\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u1edf xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin lithium-ion \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c pin b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ch\u00e1y. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong pin b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ch\u00e1y. B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tai n\u1ea1n do t\u00e0i x\u1ebf l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft khi b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp l\u00e2u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 g\u00e2y tai ho\u1ea1 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y trong tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh ng\u00e2m xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bao Gi\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ta M\u1edbi An T\u00e2m D\u00f9ng Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1886, chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 g\u1eafn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe ba b\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16km\/h. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng xe x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau n\u0103m 2000, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf xe x\u0103ng\/d\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 20 n\u0103m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi xe x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ebfn khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u01b0a hai tay \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u201cth\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u\u201d<\/em> s\u1ebd c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nghe v\u1eady ai c\u0169ng vui m\u1eebng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi N\u00e0o M\u1edbi C\u00f3 H\u1ea1 T\u1ea7ng C\u01a1 S\u1edf Cho Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1c nhanh. \u0110i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p cho tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c nhanh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, than, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng, hay ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pin \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Ra Sao?<\/h4>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
khai th\u00e1c Cobal \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c pin, bi\u1ebft bao m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e0o l\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng cobalt, s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n C\u00e1c C\u1ee5c Pin \u0110\u00e3 C\u0169, Th\u00ec \u0110em \u0111i \u0110\u00e2u?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c pin th\u00ec sao? Sau th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c pin trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 c\u1ee5c pin ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd ra sao? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111em ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t hay l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3,\u2026 S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ch\u1eafc l\u00e2u l\u1eafm m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1n H\u00e0<\/em><\/strong> (M<\/em>ay<\/em>-2024)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1n H\u00e0 (May.2024) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,57,53],"tags":[165,212,599,144,82,226,351],"class_list":["entry","author-nduong","post-21415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chuyen-de","tag-electric-vehicle","tag-khoa-hoc","tag-kinh-te","tag-xa-hoi","tag-xe-dien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}