{"id":24812,"date":"2025-04-08T19:17:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T19:17:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=24812"},"modified":"2025-07-06T06:42:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T06:42:59","slug":"panama-canal-kenh-dao-chien-luoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=24812","title":{"rendered":"Panama Canal \u2013 K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>
-S\u01a1n H\u00e0<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u01a1n H\u00e0 (March \u2013 2025)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama (Panama Canal), th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u0103ng qua qu\u1ed1c gia Panama. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng Nam M\u1ef9 qua M\u0169i Horn. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng qua \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8000 d\u1eb7m, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc 1903, k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Panama v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 1977, Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh trao l\u1ea1i cho Panama quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o k\u00e9o ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m, Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c th\u00ec; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter Treaties, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 trao tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho Panama h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1999. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Marco Rubio c\u00f4ng du Panama \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Panama r\u1eb1ng, Panama \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1977. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, Panama \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00f4ng ty Trung C\u1ed9ng thu\u00ea hai h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o. C\u1ea3ng Balboa \u1edf ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Crist\u00f3bal \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u1ec1n an ninh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 an ninh Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1o ch\u00ed thi\u00ean t\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n nhao nhao t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng Trump. H\u1ecd l\u00ean \u00e1n \u00f4ng Trump th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cs\u00f4 vanh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn\u201d<\/em>. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Trump l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, \u1ef7 m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ebfp y\u1ebfu. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua b\u00e0i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng xem l\u1ea1i k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m bao nhi\u00eau? K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai? T\u1ea1i sao K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea7u X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"\/
x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf d\u1edf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ty Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interoc\u00e9anique c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ferdinand de Lesseps. \u00d4ng \u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Suez, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. C\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1881, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1889 th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, khi m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 35%. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu,\u2026 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 22 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o do tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u1ebb n\u00fai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf, sau 9 n\u0103m d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Panama n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb Colombia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Sau khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Panama c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eaft tay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o k\u00eanh, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Suez. H\u1ecd c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 locks) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u00e0u l\u00ean cao khi v\u00e0o k\u00eanh, t\u00e0u b\u01a1i xuy\u00ean qua h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cao; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 t\u00e0u xu\u1ed1ng ngang m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec1u do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Chagres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ef7 l\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Theodore Roosevelt, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tai n\u1ea1n trong l\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1 n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ed1n c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean n\u00fai, cao h\u01a1n m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n 85 feet (26 th\u01b0\u1edbc), l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama. Con s\u00f4ng Chagres l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 hai h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o Gatun v\u00e0 Miraflores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai b\u00ean ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Eo \u0111\u1ea5t Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o con k\u00eanh n\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho Panama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea-t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t s\u1eaft c\u00f3 c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn h\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u00e0u l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u00e0u xu\u1ed1ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9c th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 Gatun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0o k\u00eanh, \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean ngang m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi h\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 hai, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb h\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 hai v\u00e0o h\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 ba. V\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean cao ngang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 Gatun v\u00e0 Miraflores l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai. Sau khi \u0111i qua h\u1ed3, t\u00e0u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng ngang v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ra Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i qua h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o l\u00fac Hoa K\u1ef3 can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh n\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, Panama hay Nicaragua. Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ed9ng 51 d\u1eb7m. Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hay n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o xuy\u00ean qua Nicaragua. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 170 d\u1eb7m, so v\u1edbi k\u00eanh Panama ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 51 d\u1eb7m. K\u00eanh Nicaragua s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o xuy\u00ean qua kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm nh\u01b0 Panama. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf Nicaragua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro g\u1eb7p thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda hay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nicaragua qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 Panama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 gi\u00fap cho Panama gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb Colombia; n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chung quanh k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh ngang qua Panama thay v\u00ec \u0111i qua Nicaragua. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama; t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m 400 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim (kho\u1ea3ng 15 t\u1ef7 M\u1ef9 Kim th\u1eddi gi\u00e1 ng\u00e0y nay).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Clifford F. Thies, d\u1ea1y Kinh T\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u00e0i Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Shenandoah, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho Colombia 25 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim \u0111\u1ec3 mua n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho Panama. Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f2n tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p 40 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ed5n ngang c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecf d\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.  Ngo\u00e0i ra, Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 cho Panama 10 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 250 ng\u00e0n M\u1ef9 Kim m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu v\u1ef1c Trung M\u1ef9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Panama m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh cho Panama v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 l\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Panama Canal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Sao Hoa K\u1ef3 Ph\u1ea3i Tr\u1ea3 cho Colombia 25 Tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1903, Panama c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Colombia, gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Colombia c\u00f9ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Hay-Herr\u00e1n Treaty – 1903. Qua \u0111\u00f3 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho Colombia 10 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim v\u00e0 250,000 M\u1ef9 Kim m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 100 n\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho Hoa K\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u1edbi khu \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng 6 d\u1eb7m d\u1ecdc hai b\u00ean k\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Colombia th\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 Panama gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb Colombia. Sau khi Panama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0o Panama \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Colombia \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1903, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Panama k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (November 18, 1903).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai hai b\u00ean k\u00eanh r\u1ed9ng 10 d\u1eb7m d\u1ecdc theo k\u00eanh. Ph\u00eda Panama th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 10 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim v\u00e0 250 ng\u00e0n M\u1ef9 Kim m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd Colombia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m x\u1ea3y ra Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama do thu ph\u00ed c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng ngang qua k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Hoa K\u1ef3. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty cho ph\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 hai b\u00ean Panama Canal Zone, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, tu b\u1ed5, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 an ninh \u0111\u1ec1u do Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn, Colombia \u0111\u00f2i Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu qua Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Panama. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1921, Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 cho Colombia $25 tri\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 Kim \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 Trao L\u1ea1i K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Cho Panama V\u00e0o N\u0103m 1999<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Panama b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Panama. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 r\u00fat ra v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho Panama quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn cho Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o v\u00e0 Panama Canal Zone cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Panama. N\u0103m 1977, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Carter, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Panama b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter Treaties, g\u1ed3m hai hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n: 1\/ Panama Canal Treaty v\u00e0 2\/ Neutrality Treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Panama Canal Treaty (Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama), Hoa K\u1ef3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n giao, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999. C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama (Panama Canal Authority<\/strong> – ACP) n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 Neutrality Treaty (Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Trung L\u1eadp), Panama ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh trung l\u1eadp b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Sao T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Trump L\u00ean Ti\u1ebfng V\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110\u00e0o Panama?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump cho r\u1eb1ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thua thi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn cho Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng Trump l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Carter b\u00e1n cho Panama K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $1 M\u1ef9 Kim; v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1976, l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00f4ng Reagan ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u201c<\/em>We bought it, we paid for it, it’s ours, and we\u2019re gonna keep it\u201d<\/em>. <\/em> (Ta \u0111\u00e3 mua, \u0111\u00e3 trang tr\u1ea3i cho quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef n\u00f3). Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Carter \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng (1977-1981) r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u00fd k\u1ebft trao tr\u1ea3 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o cho Panama, qua Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter – 1977. Khi \u00f4ng Reagan \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng (1981-1989) th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 xong, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trao tr\u1ea3 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o theo hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xem l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Panama, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia do ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady, Trung C\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i mon men chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o thu\u1ef7 l\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ai y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng x\u00f3t xa. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump cho r\u1eb1ng, an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Trump \u0110\u00f2i L\u1ea1i K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama L\u00e0 H\u1ee3p L\u00fd!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong hai Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter Treaties, c\u00f3 Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Trung L\u1eadp (Neutrality Treaty), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ghi r\u1eb1ng, \u201c\u2026United States could use its military to defend the Panama Canal against any threat to its neutrality, thus allowing perpetual U.S. usage of the Canal<\/em>\u201d (\u2026Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho ph\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0y v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1997, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi Hoa K\u1ef3 trao l\u1ea1i cho Panama to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac C\u00f4ng ty CK Hutchison Holdings c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hai c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn hai \u0111\u1ea7u K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama\u2014Balboa \u1edf ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Crist\u00f3bal \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Anh Qu\u1ed1c trao tr\u1ea3 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng cho Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. Ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a CK Hutchison Holdings l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh (Li Ka-shing). Hai h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng ch\u1eb7n hai \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh B\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 L\u1ee5a, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1edbi Nh\u1ea5t L\u1ed9 (One Belt One Road – M\u1ed9t V\u00e0nh \u0110ai, M\u1ed9t Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng trong \u00e2m m\u01b0u kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n h\u1ecdng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ee7y L\u1ed9 Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama. Trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, Trung C\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng hay Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama b\u1ecb t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f2n ghi, trong \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn, K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-oOo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eeba nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111e do\u1ea1\u201d<\/em> n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng r\u1eb1ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama, theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf di\u1ec5u \u00f4ng Trump, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng Trump \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 b\u00e8n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng hai h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng Balboa v\u00e0 Crist\u00f3bal cho c\u00f4ng ty BlackRock c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Trung Nam H\u1ea3i. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Panama c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Hoa K\u1ef3 r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng gia h\u1ea1n cho Trung C\u1ed9ng thu\u00ea h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Panama r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch One Belt One Road c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong \u201ct\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng trung l\u1eadp<\/em>\u201d, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter \u2013 1977. Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u1ea5y, Trung C\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00ean tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. Trung Nam H\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u T\u1ed5ng C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Panama v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Bloomberg Intelligence, L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh, nh\u00e0 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung C\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 12% doanh thu c\u1ee7a CK Hutchison Holdings \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh thu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00dac \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i. L\u00fd Gia Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh doanh l\u1edbn, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Panama cho th\u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Donald Trump v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u201ct\u00ednh trung l\u1eadp\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngay. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 Trung C\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf K\u00eanh \u0110\u00e0o Panama th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn an ninh c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1. V\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1n H\u00e0 (March-2025)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i<\/strong> li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/p\/wha\/rlnks\/11936.htm
(2) https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1977-1980\/panama-canal
(3) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties
(4) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Panama_Canal
(5) https:\/\/pancanal.com\/en\/the-french-canal-construction\/
(6)https:\/\/jbs.org\/assets\/pdf\/Charles-H-Breecher-Congressional-Testimony- 1983-06-23.pdf
(7) https:\/\/jbs.org\/assets\/pdf\/Reclaim-Our-Canal-TNA-01-31-2000.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1n H\u00e0 (March \u2013 2025) K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama (Panama Canal), th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u0103ng qua qu\u1ed1c gia Panama. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,57,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-nduong","post-24812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","category-kinhte-chinhtri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24812\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}