{"id":25175,"date":"2025-07-06T05:33:56","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T05:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25175"},"modified":"2025-07-06T05:33:57","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T05:33:57","slug":"su-can-thiet-cua-viec-xay-dung-mot-he-thong-thong-ke-kinh-te-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25175","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi<\/strong>
Diane Coyle<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Diane Coyle, \u201cThe World Needs Better Balance Sheets,\u201d\u00a0Foreign Affairs<\/em><\/mark><\/strong>, 16\/05\/2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra sau khi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t thu\u1ebf quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e0m tan v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kho\u1ea3ng 300 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua kho\u1ea3ng 13 t\u1ef7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cung \u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i ren hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong n\u1eeda th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tay (v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y bay (Airbus ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1940, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ph\u00eda c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/strong> Ch\u00fang n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda cung ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u201ckh\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi. <\/strong>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i tu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef0 C\u1ea6N THI\u1ebeT TRONG TH\u1edcI CHI\u1ebeN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c gia (SNA)<\/mark>, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y ban c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c do Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m GDP, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch xem l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Anh, bao g\u1ed3m John Maynard Keynes, l\u1eadp ra trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II.<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed3ng minh t\u1eadp trung ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng SNA \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i sau m\u1ed7i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SNA ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tinh vi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, trong khi m\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho SNA \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 qua. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, SNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eed thi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n hay k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eaeT K\u1ecaP TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SNA \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd v\u00e0o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/mark><\/strong> K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i hay t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cao c\u1ea5p qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\u201d chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e2u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a\u201d h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean quan.<\/mark><\/strong> S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 20% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Anh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Rolls-Royce b\u00e1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, khi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda cung c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00ean b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 GDP kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00c1p l\u1ef1c Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef Li\u00ean bang, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u2013 v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u2013 v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 iPhone. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u00e0o cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea4P \u0110\u1ea6Y KHO\u1ea2NG TR\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/strong> C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Vasco Carvalho c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d (comprehensive wealth) l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y<\/mark>. Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ebf to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb do doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1edf h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n<\/mark><\/strong>. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng; c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 danh t\u00ednh, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/strong> N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ebf to\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia: d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson v\u00e0 James Robinson g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf.<\/mark><\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u201cb\u00f3c l\u1ed9t\u201d (extractive) \u2013 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi tinh hoa v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KHI CON S\u1ed0 \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C XEM X\u00c9T NGHI\u00caM T\u00daC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u201cm\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t,\u201d nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang khi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SNA v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd b\u1edfi th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c cung \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd v\u1eabn ch\u00ecm trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diane Coyle <\/strong>
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1\u00a0Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cThe Measure of Progress: Counting What Really Matters.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>
https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/2025\/05\/21\/su-can-thiet-cua-viec-xay-dung-mot-he-thong-thong-ke-kinh-te-moi\/#more-61801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh Minh Ho\u1ea1: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Diane Coyle, \u201cThe World Needs Better Balance Sheets,\u201d\u00a0Foreign Affairs, 16\/05\/2025 Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u1ee5ng C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra sau khi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,53],"tags":[165,118,212,119,82],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-25175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-hoa-ky","tag-kinh-te"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25175\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/25176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}