{"id":25742,"date":"2025-07-20T19:11:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T19:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25742"},"modified":"2025-07-20T19:12:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T19:12:34","slug":"thang-7-nam-1954-nhung-bi-an-dang-sau-cuoc-di-cu-bac-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25742","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1954: Nh\u1eefng B\u00ed \u1ea8n \u0110\u1eb1ng Sau Cu\u1ed9c Di C\u01b0 B\u1eafc \u2013 Nam<\/strong>
TS Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn H\u01b0ng<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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______________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u201c\u0110i v\u1ec1 Mi\u1ec1n Nam, mi\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m b\u00f4ng l\u00faa tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3ng;<\/em>
\u0110i v\u1ec1 Mi\u1ec1n Nam, mi\u1ec1n xinh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng chung ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng\u201d<\/em><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh ra \u0111i. H\u1ecd \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cha \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong> B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do: \u2018ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng!\u2019<\/em><\/mark>,<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o di c\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6, d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a k\u00fd k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di t\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1t Di\u1ec7m – B\u00f9i Chu l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m t\u00e0u USS Bayfield ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o di c\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi Hoa k\u1ef3 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Sang ph\u00eda T\u1ef1 do\u2019<\/em> (Passage to Freedom) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8, 1954.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c di t\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau l\u00fd do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ef9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt khuy\u00ean Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, M\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c khuy\u00ean Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn khi \u0111ang thua tr\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng nghe. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7, 1953, khi c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Panmunjom \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p Georges Bidault (1899-1983) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u1ecdai tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ef9 John Foster Dulles r\u1eb1ng \u2018nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng?\u2019 Dulles tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdp Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ph\u00eda C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong tay (kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e0m n\u00e0o, Dulles khuy\u00ean Ph\u00e1p h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c K\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1ch Navarre \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/strong>. V\u00ec Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang thua tr\u1eadn, Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p\u00a0 sau c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u1edf Berlin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2, 1954, \u00f4ng Dulles \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva cho g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chia c\u1eaft l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tuy \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng Dulles l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 5, 1954 \u00f4ng g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u0103n cho Th\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i Giao Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng Bedell Smith, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Geneva, n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ef9 khi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1edbi ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao\u2026theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneve, th\u00e1ng 7, n\u0103m 1954<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng Smith v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Anh, \u00f4ng Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVi\u1ec7c Hoa K\u1ef3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do\u2026\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng Dulles di t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cN\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ee5y v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ngay v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00ean r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean.\u201d<\/strong>
Dulles\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Geneva<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00ec sau bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 4, 1954 (g\u1ea7n l\u00fac h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7), ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o chung Vi\u1ec7t-Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay, Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u2018\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u2019<\/em> cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7, 1953.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i li\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c thi ngay quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Geneva. Ngay t\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p s\u1eafp \u0111i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c) Vi\u1ec7t nam \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e3nh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5\u00a0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 6 th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Joseph Laniel s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong> Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 6, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu 419 tr\u00ean 466 (90%), ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ngay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Quang c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0ng b\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 do t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh – v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdp h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 6. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 7, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Washington, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c bi quan v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mend\u00e8s France (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 6, 1954) c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 5, 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh \u00c9lys\u00e9e (8 th\u00e1ng 3, 1949): \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (trong Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p), t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 35 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/mark><\/strong>. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd (sau khi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6, 1953) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ef9, T\u01b0\u1edbng Bedell Smith nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Anh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ed m\u1eadt 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf ngay mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t.<\/u> Ranh gi\u1edbi chia \u0111\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi sang ph\u00eda T\u00e2y;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y sang khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/u><\/strong>;<\/strong> v\u00e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 7, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 \u1edf Paris, \u00f4ng Dillon \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Washington n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ngay h\u00f4m sau, Dulles tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng \u00fd Hoa k\u1ef3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cho Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i x\u1ea3 h\u01a1i (breathing spell):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cV\u00ec t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t sau khi \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u0103m d\u1ecda, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Dulles d\u1ecda l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m do Anh-M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, Hoa k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh. Mend\u00e8s France \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ngay, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 7, k\u00fd v\u1edbi Dulles m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e2n h\u1eefu,\u2019 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba Qu\u1ed1c gia Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi chia c\u1eaft: T\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 13 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean 17 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t cho Mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/h4>\n\n\n
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    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Geneva b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Washington l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Nga v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, Nga th\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed<\/strong>. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00eam: \u201cTheo Chauvel, \u00f4ng Chu \u00c2n Lai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi h\u1eb3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng Chu c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> T\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng Mend\u00e8s France c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng Chu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng Chu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u00fap.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i chia \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 18, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 19, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi t\u1edbi Thakhek (L\u00e0o) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 7, Chauvel cho hay ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00f2i chia \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 13, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng Tuy H\u00f2a. Ph\u00eda Nga cho hay s\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ba t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam Faif\u00f4 (\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng) \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Qui nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 S\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec nh\u1edd Nga X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Mend\u00e8s France gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Geneva ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ecf ra r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111ang qu\u00e1 h\u0103m h\u1edf \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0: \u201cH\u00e3y \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t do ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i (Mend\u00e8s France) \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 7, m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 13 l\u00e0m ranh gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sau c\u00f9ng, theo nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Hoa k\u1ef3, \u201cnh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 7 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9-Anh.\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d4ng Mend\u00e8s France r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi chia \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 13 nh\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNDCCH \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o H\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Nikita Khrouchtchev, \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ra \u201cH\u1ecd (Vi\u1ec7t Minh) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 18 hay cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva, \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam: \u201cV\u00e1n b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, v\u00e0o phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Mend\u00e8s France \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c”. <\/strong>Th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng Henri Delteil k\u00fd thay cho T\u01b0\u1edbng Paul Ely, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu k\u00fd thay t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 L\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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    Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n VNDCCH (ph\u1ea3i) v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edfng Delteil \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 7 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00f4ng C\u00e1o Chung, ch\u1ec9 do hai vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Chia \u0111\u00f4i nu\u1edbc vi\u1ec7t Nam ra th\u00e0nh Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17;<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 7, 1956 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00e0<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • M\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp; v\u00e0<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 300 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n; trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang v\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u00ean kia<\/strong>.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1eabn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u2018s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam, Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed7 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam long tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do x\u1ee9 s\u1edf.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00d4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u2018sau ng\u00e0y k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, S\u00e0ig\u00f2n treo c\u1edd r\u0169, t\u00e2n Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m long tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 giao cho C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Trung…\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb1ng sau chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u2018Sang Ph\u00eda T\u1ef1 Do\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Sau Geneva, Ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 8, T\u00ecnh B\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c Gia Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt \u0111en t\u1ed1i. V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n NIE (CIA) s\u1ed1 \u201863-5-54\u2019 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh s\u1ebd th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed do Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n

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      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o di c\u01b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      \u201cVi\u1ec7c k\u00fd k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Geneva \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 trao cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u2026D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u1edf l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Minh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Geneva) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7, 1956, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Minh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh s\u1ebd th\u1eafng c\u1eed…\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i Washington, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Eisenhower t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc do Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneve \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o hai n\u0103m sau s\u1ebd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc – Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho c\u00e1n c\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng: c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00eam cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/u><\/strong>. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Edward Lansdale (1908-1987). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 OSS (sau n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh CIA). M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2018Sang Ph\u00eda T\u1ef1 do\u2019<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n