{"id":25870,"date":"2025-07-31T18:35:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25870"},"modified":"2025-07-31T18:35:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:35:59","slug":"kinh-te-tu-nhan-viet-nam-giua-tieng-ve-sau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=25870","title":{"rendered":"KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM gi\u1eefa “Ti\u1ebfng Ve S\u1ea7u”<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean Thao<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"
________________________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Sau 39 n\u0103m l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng, Ba \u0110\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u201ckinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ef1c d\u1eady qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u H\u00e8 2025, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tung h\u00f4 nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Trong \u201cm\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n m\u1edbi\u201d \u1ea5y, ti\u1ebfng ve s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2n vang nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7m nh\u1eafc: \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ed9i tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi v\u1ebd v\u1eddi v\u0103n v\u1ebb n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u201cv\u1ed7 b\u00e9o x\u1ebb th\u1ecbt\u201d.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Kinh T\u1ebf T\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n, s\u1ed1 68, ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 4 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0 hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm 50% GDP, 30% thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 82% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cSau g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u00ecm h\u00e3m ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (DNNVV),\u00a0 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 900.000 c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00ean 2 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2045, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 tri\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 60% GDP v\u00e0 “c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh cao trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf”. <\/mark>[1]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2025, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 940.078 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec DNNVV chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 98% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Doanh Nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ednh ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 9<\/mark><\/a>21.300 c\u00f4ng ty<\/strong>. D\u00f9 chi\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng DNNVV lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/strong> T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2024, DNNVV ch\u1ec9 vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20,5% t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i ra, DNNVV ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh thanh tra \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f2i \u201cb\u00f4i tr\u01a1n\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt \u201cs\u00e1ng \u0111\u00fang chi\u1ec1u sai, ng\u00e0y mai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang\u201d, Doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fang t\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang sai!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra \u0111i\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). <\/strong>\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00ednh csVN t\u1eebng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e2p \u0110o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb \u201cQu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5m th\u00e9p\u201d th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctan ch\u1ea3y\u201d v\u00e0o t\u00fai c\u00e1c quan to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vinashin v\u00e0 Vinalines l\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vinashin t\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 102.500 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 Vinalines c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n h\u00f3a g\u1ea7n 75.000 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Vinashin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ea b\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thua l\u1ed7 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f2n Vinaline (C\u00f4ng ty TNHH, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec5n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Vinashin) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1  H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025, kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong thua l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m qua, do l\u00e0m \u0103n thua l\u1ed7, v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3 . . . khi\u1ebfn Ba-\u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e2m v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eady d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, n\u00ean m\u1edbi xoay qua \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n\u201d trong b\u1ed1i\u00a0 c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng; khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng b\u00e1n sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Philippines v\u00e0 Indonesia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng 19%, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 20%. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u1ea3 Philippines l\u1eabn Indonesia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00e0ng trung chuy\u1ec3n\u201d – lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf l\u00ean t\u1edbi 40%. C\u00f2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 4 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 15%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. . .<\/strong> Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi cho h\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t \u201c0\u201d<\/strong> th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf t\u1eeb M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ed1i DNNVV ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o v\u1ed1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau n\u0103m 1975, Ba-\u0110\u00ecnh t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u201cc\u01a1 ng\u01a1i\u201d v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi truy t\u1ed1, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7y, m\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n sinh m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n