{"id":27325,"date":"2026-01-05T19:31:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T19:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=27325"},"modified":"2026-01-05T19:31:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T19:31:45","slug":"cuba-tren-bo-vuc-sup-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=27325","title":{"rendered":"Cuba tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5<\/strong>
Michael J. Bustamante<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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_________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Michael J. Bustamante, \u201cCuba on the Brink\u201d,\u00a0Foreign Affairs<\/em><\/mark><\/strong>, 01\/01\/2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: <\/strong>Vi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng Huy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, sau khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 Havana<\/strong>. T\u1eeb ban nh\u1ea1c Rolling Stones cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ra\u00fal Castro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trai \u0111ang l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh Fidel v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i: cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong> S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh actualizaci\u00f3n<\/em> (hay \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t uy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Cuba) d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc thay, Cuba \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. Trong 5 n\u0103m qua, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 1\/10 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Cuba, \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. <\/mark>Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Miguel D\u00edaz-Canel, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. GDP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 11% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an ninh tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p gay g\u1eaft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/mark> V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10, c\u01a1n b\u00e3o Melissa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kho\u1ea3ng 90.000 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 101.171 hecta \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus do mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Cuba m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2016 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Donald Trump. Sau khi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c, Trump \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf g\u1eaft gao c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a Cuba v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n t\u00f2a \u00e1n M\u1ef9. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Joe Biden ch\u1ec9 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Trump \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t n\u00e1t ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump th\u1ee9 hai t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft nh\u1eb1m l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Venezuela Nicol\u00e1s Maduro, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf t\u1eeb Caracas \u0111\u1ebfn Havana trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn Cuba \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba t\u1ea1o ra. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ra\u00fal, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/mark><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eabn mong manh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Washington \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c can d\u1ef1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Havana \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c th\u1edd \u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Cuba. Ra\u00fal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 94 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, s\u1ebd s\u1edbm qua \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba n\u0103m 1959. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u2013 d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a. <\/strong><\/mark>Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cuba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u00edt v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u00ecm\u201d, Ra\u00fal tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau khi ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Cuba \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngay sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu Li\u00ean X\u00f4, khi vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 GDP thu h\u1eb9p m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba. Nh\u01b0ng Cuba ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n, Ra\u00fal \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: thu h\u1eb9p b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sa th\u1ea3i n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ct\u1ef1 kinh doanh\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c.<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean doanh, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n giao nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ecf hoang cho nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm 70% l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Khu du l\u1ecbch sang tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Havana, d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cuba \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. Danh s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n 200 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 kinh doanh b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong> Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, canh t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thu ho\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng peso v\u00e0 USD, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n peso cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Cuba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y USD v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 24:1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u1ea1c quan. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m Cuba trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf m\u1edf c\u1eeda, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Canada v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u01b0\u1eddm n\u01b0\u1ee3p k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Barack Obama \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2014, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111i du l\u1ecbch theo nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n \u201ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba\u201d. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mang v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u USD ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i, cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n m\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf. Sau khi hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c quan h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u1ef1 t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9-Cuba k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/mark><\/strong> N\u0103m 2016, h\u01a1n 580.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Cuba (n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Cuba) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u1eeb S\u00e2n bay Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Miami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Havana \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1eddi c\u01a1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 M\u1ef9 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Cuba v\u1eabn b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/mark><\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Obama, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon ng\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh Troy\u201d s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng lo s\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e3 t\u1ec7 nay c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Cuba, sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2016 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Trump tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u201ch\u1ee7y b\u1ecf\u201d th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u201cCuba m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\u201d c\u1ee7a Obama. C\u00e1c con t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch ch\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m du kh\u00e1ch M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u Cuba, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ef1 t\u00fac ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u1edf Cuba.<\/mark><\/strong> Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Havana\u201d. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, Washington \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba sang M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2019, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Trump \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p chung cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch nh\u00f3m \u201cgiao l\u01b0u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d (people-to-people) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Cuba \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1.000 USD m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Helms-Burton n\u0103m 1996, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh vi \u201ctr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i\u201d tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch thu t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cuba ngo\u00e0i Havana, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Western Union c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Cuba \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Cuba v\u00e0 Venezuela. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Venezuela \u2013 khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5, k\u00e9o theo GDP c\u1ee7a Cuba lao d\u1ed1c t\u1edbi 10%.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e0i th\u1eed l\u1eeda\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi D\u00edaz-Canel, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Castro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ra\u00fal ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7t g\u1eedi v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, thay v\u00ec n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng, D\u00edaz-Canel l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 kinh doanh m\u1edbi trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. Khi ngu\u1ed3n thu ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu gom ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c doanh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u2014 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cNgo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 do\u201d (MLC) \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.<\/mark><\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n MLC th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Cuba ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edaz-Canel v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2020, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang leo thang. Thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng cam k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u201ct\u1ef1 kinh doanh\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi c\u00fa s\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u1eadu Li\u00ean X\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e9o m\u00f3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00ec m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tung ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201ct\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7\u201d, \u00e1p m\u1ee9c t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 24 peso \u0111\u1ed5i 1 USD v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2021<\/mark><\/strong>. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n \u0111ang quen ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i 1 \u0111\u1ed5i 1, \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y chi ph\u00ed h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00eam d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1eeda l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0 h\u00e0ng. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho in ti\u1ec1n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111ang leo thang. Song song \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 neo theo \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn logic c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong khi kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2021, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng peso \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i 75%, ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee9c 100 peso \u0111\u1ed5i 1 USD, d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 24:1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a Cuba tr\u01b0\u1edbc COVID-19 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2021, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Delta c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi th\u1ec3 tr\u00e0n lan tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng g\u00e2y b\u00e3o \u201cPatria y Vida\u201d (\u201cT\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 hip-hop v\u00e0 reggaet\u00f3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a livestream, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba \u1edf h\u01a1n 50 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2021, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngay trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, t\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f9 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn, hai b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i<\/h4>\n\n\n
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M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Trong 7 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd Cuba, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Trump. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c Washington ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ba th\u00e1ng sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, Cuba \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do COVID \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch. <\/strong>Sau \u0111\u00f3, Nicaragua, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Havana, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 v\u1eabn nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi M\u1ef9-Mexico<\/strong>.<\/mark> C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Managua s\u1edbm v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 2.000 USD, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y sang M\u1ef9. Cuba d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho Washington. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i, n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a Cuba (v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 2024, h\u01a1n 850.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cgi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1m th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh\u201d m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba c\u0169ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2021, nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 100 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Trong ba n\u0103m, h\u01a1n 10.000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c trung gian nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Obama \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n t\u1eeb Mexico, Panama ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 Supermarket23 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Amazon \u0111\u1ec3 mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kho b\u00e3i v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng t\u1eadn nh\u00e0. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2024, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm 23% bi\u00ean lai thu\u1ebf, 31% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed3ng peso xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p m\u1edbi: h\u01a1n 400 peso \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t USD \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/mark><\/strong> T\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Cuba trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i. Trong hai n\u0103m qua, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n.<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Cuba h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian trong n\u0103m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tham gia h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n m\u1ed3i, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh doanh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, Grupo de Administraci\u00f3n Empresarial S.A. (GAESA), nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u1ed5 sung\u201d cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thua l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng?<\/h4>\n\n\n
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M\u1ed9t gia d\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Cuba hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i tu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng cho vay. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. Cuba g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 53% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf du l\u1ecbch (c\u0169ng do GAESA th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111ang l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u1edf Caribe \u00edt b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c 90 ng\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 (m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Cuba n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 12, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Cuba \u0111\u00e3 tung ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1 USD \u0111\u1ed5i 410 peso Cuba, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef USD<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/mark> H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty trong ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch, v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 120 peso cho m\u1ed9t USD, trong khi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 24 peso cho m\u1ed9t USD. Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quen thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y: T\u1eebng h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1nh m\u00ec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u2013 ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u2013 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c Cuba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n<\/strong>. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i Washington thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 \u00edch: m\u1ed9t Cuba ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Venezuela gi\u00e0u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt l\u1ee3i \u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/mark><\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 Moscow v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. <\/strong>C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nga \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o Cuba cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Havana ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Moscow l\u1eabn B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c Cuba c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. <\/strong>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Cuba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. (Nga \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, nh\u01b0ng Cuba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y th\u00eam h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n n\u1ee3 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft an ninh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Moscow v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Havana v\u1edbi Caracas th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Venezuela, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh phong t\u1ecfa h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Cuba. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Maduro s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u2014 d\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf \u2014 Cuba s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t 25 n\u0103m qua.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, Cuba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t: t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. <\/mark><\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n, m\u1edf c\u1eeda khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n trung gian nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. <\/strong>Quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho Cuba c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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D\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Cuba c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi hay t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn chung quanh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0103n xin gia t\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c. (Sau khi d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i khi cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua trung gian nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Cuba v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m \u201cs\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf\u201d ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 khan m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Cuba do \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u suy tho\u00e1i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i do l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf t\u00f9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y an ninh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n \u2013 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cuba t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh kinh ni\u00ean.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ra\u00fal \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o 15 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/strong>. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft do nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf do d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael J. Bustamante <\/strong>
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Emilio Bacard\u00ed Moreau v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Cuba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Cuba t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Miami. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cCuban Memory Wars: Retrospective Politics in Revolution and Exile\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Cuba: Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 L\u01b0u vong).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>
https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/2026\/01\/05\/cuba-tren-bo-vuc-sup-do\/#more-65086<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh minh ho\u1ea1: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Michael J. Bustamante, \u201cCuba on the Brink\u201d,\u00a0Foreign Affairs, 01\/01\/2026 Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Vi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng Huy V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, sau khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 Havana. T\u1eeb ban nh\u1ea1c Rolling\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,12,9],"tags":[165,118,212,574,82,226],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-27325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-cuba","tag-kinh-te","tag-xa-hoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27325"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27352,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27325\/revisions\/27352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}