{"id":27718,"date":"2026-02-02T19:19:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T19:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=27718"},"modified":"2026-02-02T19:19:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T19:19:15","slug":"de-nhat-cong-hoa-viet-nam-can-nguyen-do-vo-bai-5-nhung-sat-thu-de-nhat-cong-hoa-ben-canh-tt-kennedy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=27718","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u0103n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed5 V\u1ee1
B\u00e0i 5 – Nh\u1eefng \u2018S\u00e1t Th\u1ee7\u2019 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh TT Kennedy<\/strong>
-Tr\u1ea7n Phong V\u0169<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tr\u1ea7n Phong V\u0169<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m -hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m- b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn do \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve trung l\u1eadp L\u00e0o, nh\u1edd \u201ch\u00e0nh lang Harriman\u201d <\/em>h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, ph\u00e1 n\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng ph\u00eda nam v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng hung th\u1ea7n \u201cs\u00e1t th\u1ee7\u201d<\/em> n\u00e0y. Trong b\u00e0i 2, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c mang t\u00ean Averell Harriman, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nham hi\u1ec3m, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0n anh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c v\u00e2y quanh TT Kennedy. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Roger John Kenneth Galbraith, Roger Hilsman, Michael Forrestal v\u00e0 William Trueheart.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Averell Harriman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Averell Harriman l\u00e0 ai? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, qua nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u00e0, GS V\u0169 Qu\u00fd K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Geoffrey Shaw qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i gia ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecfa xa c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a cha, Harriman con \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eebng l\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1nh tay m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Kennedy. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n b\u1eaft th\u1eddi c\u01a1, Harriman \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d<\/em> 30.000 M\u1ef9 Kim v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 tranh c\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Kennedy, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1961, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cThe Lost Mandate <\/em>o<\/em>f Heaven\u201d<\/em>, TS Geoffrey Shaw cho bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Harryman l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u2018nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb John Quincy Adams\u2019. V\u1eabn theo h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Shaw, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi B\u1ea1ch \u1ed0c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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John Kenneth Galbraith<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

V\u1eabn theo Dr. Shaw, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, Harriman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh h\u01a1i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c trung l\u1eadp h\u00f3a L\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962. Dr Shaw nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng ta coi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 L\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho \u00f4ng len l\u00e1ch v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh lang quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00fang Qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a GS h\u1ecd V\u0169, trong \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn, Harriman t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve 1962. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a non tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00f9ng \u2013trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 mi\u1ec1n nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam- ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Harriman kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh L\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0, m\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u1ea5t c<\/em>\u1ea9<\/em>n\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Pathet L\u00e0o v\u00e0 cs mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao Hoa K\u1ef3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dean Rusk, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Harriman trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 quanh h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 L\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eadp l\u1edd c\u1ee7a Harriman \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua H\u1ea1 L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d<\/em>. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng M\u00f2n HCM\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 \u201cXa l\u1ed9 Averell Harriman\u201d<\/em>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Federic Nolting t\u1ecf ra t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn trong t\u1ea7m tay, GS V\u0169 ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Nolting l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Harriman trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Gen\u00e8ve n\u0103m 1962 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, an ninh c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn. Ri\u00eang Harriman ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Qua n\u1ed9i dung cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a O\u2019Brien, H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Georfrey Shaw cho hay, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, \u00f4ng Nolting n\u00f3i: T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u00ean k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Nolting c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Kennedy, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Averell Harriman.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Roger Hilsman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Averell Harriman, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Kennedy l\u00e0 John Kenneth Galbraith, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m khi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Canada, Galbraith sinh n\u0103m 1908 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf Canada tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Ontario. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berkeley, California trong c\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103m 1934. Galbraith \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Harvard, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201cThe Affluent Society\u201d<\/em> m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947 v\u00e0 tham gia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1957, Galbraith \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c Kennedy l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean TT ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Kennedy. N\u0103m 1961, Galbraith c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Nolting coi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/em> d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m th\u00ec Galbraith c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Nolting v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nolting \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Galbraith d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Harriman l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m d\u00f9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 TT Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu do \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Galbraith l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Nolting trong vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0ig\u00f2n. V\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf Nolting ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Harriman m\u00e0 \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 khi \u1ea5y. Galbraith kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm, c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n t\u00f2a \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ee9 \u1edf S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 \u0111ang tham chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m (!). Theo \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba trong li\u00ean minh s\u1eafm vai hung th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 Roger Hilsman th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd th\u01b0 k\u00fd ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Michael Forrestal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua Harriman, Hilsman c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Michael Forrestal, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Harriman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n c\u1eadn B\u1ea1ch \u1ed0c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1962 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a Kennedy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Roger Hilsman v\u00e0 Michael Forrestal t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u00e0 hai hung th\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cs\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t mang \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh\u201d<\/em> sau n\u00e0y cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 (VNCH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 3, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao, Roger Hilsman, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.  C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m do Roger Hilsman d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c \u1edf Washington coi Hilsman l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, Hilsman cho r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Rostow v\u00e0 MAAG \u0111\u00e3 sai khi cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec tin ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean Hilsman v\u00e0 phe nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a y m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5 ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngay sau s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam (MTDTGPMNVN) n\u0103m 1960 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n nam \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9m do H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Hilsman m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 Averell Harriman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u1edbi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1, bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft th\u1eddi c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Harriman, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Geoffrey Shaw \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e3nh ti\u1ebfn, x\u1ea5c x\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a TT Kennedy, Harriman kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng qua m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dean Rusk, x\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xem th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 Ph\u00f3 TT Johnson. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng Johnson k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n VNCH ra sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ph\u00f3 TT c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ca ng\u1ee3i \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cChurchill c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/em>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cs\u00e1nh \u00f4ng v\u1edbi George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Woodrow Wilson v\u00e0 Franklin Roosevelt\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i n\u00e0y<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cung c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn hung th\u1ea7n k\u1ebf c\u1eadn TT Kennedy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TT Di\u1ec7m 3 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd t\u1edbi khi b\u1ed9 phim \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Ken Burns v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a y, ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra, d\u00f9 s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n phim \u0111\u1ea7u 90 ph\u00fat mang t\u00ean \u201cCu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u01b0a N\u00f3i T\u1edbi<\/strong>\u201d<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, nam California, Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u00f4m Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt 22-12 v\u1eeba qua. D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi t\u1ecf b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn: \u201cn\u1ed9i dung phim c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Phong V\u0169<\/em><\/strong>
Mi\u1ec1n nam California, Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m 23-1-2026<\/em>