{"id":28964,"date":"2026-07-04T01:03:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T01:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=28964"},"modified":"2026-07-04T01:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T01:03:34","slug":"mou-co-phai-la-dieu-uoc-quoc-te-va-tai-sao-chung-ta-phai-quan-tam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=28964","title":{"rendered":"MOU C\u00f3 Ph\u1ea3i L\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01af\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf?
V\u00e0 T\u1ea1i Sao Ch\u00fang Ta Ph\u1ea3i Quan T\u00e2m?<\/strong>
Duncan B. Hollis<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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M\u1ef9 TT Trump v\u00e0 TT Pezeshkian k\u00fd Bi\u00ean B\u1ea3n Ghi Nh\u1edb Islamabad (MoU), 18-6-2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: <\/strong> Duncan B. Hollis, \u201cIs the MOU a Treaty or Not? And Why Should We Care?\u201d, Foreign Policy<\/em>,<\/mark><\/strong> 23\/06\/2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: <\/strong>Vi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng Huy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Iran, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb (MOU) Islamabad.<\/strong> B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u2014 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u00ean? <\/mark><\/strong>Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai, t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. <\/strong>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Qu\u00fd \u00d4ng<\/strong> ( Gentlemen\u2019s Agreement) n\u0103m 1907-08 gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf di c\u01b0. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u: V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u2014 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. Vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, trong khi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quy ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u2014 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3<\/mark><\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 khung th\u1eddi gian ba n\u0103m theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui \u2014 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u00fat sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Chung (JCPOA) \u2014 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Iran th\u1eddi Obama \u2014 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng b\u1ecb tranh c\u00e3i. <\/mark><\/strong>C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an LHQ. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda Iran kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump khi \u0111\u00f3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch ra c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea1i \u1ee6y ban Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a LHQ, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m li\u1ec7u MOU c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u201cbi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3\u201d \u2014 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ebd ra l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb cho qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i do tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu MOU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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TT Trump k\u00fd Bi\u00ean B\u1ea3n Ghi Nh\u1edb (MoU) t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Versaille, 18-6-2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p M\u1ef9; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i\u201d; v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng<\/mark><\/strong>. JCPOA \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Xem x\u00e9t Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Iran, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Iran v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi coi vi\u1ec7c Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t 30 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Trump \u0111ang ph\u1edbt l\u1edd lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu MOU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. <\/strong>Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn thu\u1ebf quan c\u1ee7a Trump, MOU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. Hay MOU gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2014 v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7? H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u0110o\u1ea1n 6 c\u1ee7a MOU: \u201cM\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn chung v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 300 t\u1ef7 USD cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Iran\u201d.<\/em> <\/mark>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi ph\u1ea1m \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng MOU ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn\u201d, v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi\u2026 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong v\u00f2ng 60 ng\u00e0y<\/mark><\/strong>\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c\u201d mang l\u1ea1i th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trao c\u00e1c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng. (C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d \u2014 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i giao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m li\u1ec7u MOU n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Vienna v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/mark><\/strong> C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980; ng\u00e0y nay 119 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/mark> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tham gia, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5: \u0110i\u1ec1u 52 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c\u201d.<\/mark><\/strong> Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5m \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an LHQ cho ph\u00e9p. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p \u2014 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Munich n\u0103m 1938 kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng \u2014 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o Iran \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. Iran sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda eo bi\u1ec3n Hormuz, v\u00ec v\u1eady x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Iran \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p Trump k\u00fd MOU. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e9m bom t\u1eeb ph\u00eda M\u1ef9. N\u1ebfu MOU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Iran c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd n\u00f3, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian xoay x\u1edf trong 60 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1edbi. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp Nga-Ukraine, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an LHQ c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nga. N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, \u0110o\u1ea1n 14 c\u1ee7a MOU h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u2014 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Washington v\u00e0 Tehran c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady, MOU c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? Theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 hai ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh G7. MOU th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y xem \u0110o\u1ea1n 4, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 ngay khi k\u00fd k\u1ebft, M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh phong t\u1ecfa h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0110o\u1ea1n 5, Iran cam k\u1ebft \u201cn\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i qua Hormuz an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00ednh ph\u00ed trong 60 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft xung quanh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sau \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 Washington v\u00e0 Tehran c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a MOU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. <\/strong>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cMOU\u201d (B\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Trump. Trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, Trump \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Robert Lighthizer v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u MOU c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng. Trump l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng MOU kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u2014 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cMOU\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/mark><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n\u201d c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. MOU \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Iran \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u201d. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u201d (agree) v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn\u201d (agreement) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/mark><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cthi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed\u201d \u2014 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ebd<\/mark>\u201d (will). C\u00e1c b\u00ean mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cs\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i\u201d (shall)<\/mark>, v\u00e0 khi mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh cam k\u1ebft, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u201cn\u00ean\u201d (should).<\/mark> <\/strong>Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris su\u00fdt ch\u00fat n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t t\u1eeb \u201cshould\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cshall\u201d. MOU th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u201cwill\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh vi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cwill\u201d: M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/mark><\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Anh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u0103m 1994, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o v\u1edbi Anh v\u00e0 Canada \u2014 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cwill\u201d \u2014 khi Washington bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh coi c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t tranh c\u00e3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c MOU s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u201d (undertake)<\/mark>.<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong v\u1ee5\u00a0Medell\u00edn v. Texas<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u cam k\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/mark>.<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 coi \u201cundertake\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u201cshall\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng \u0111ang tu\u00e2n theo ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cundertake\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng MOU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Iran, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t MOU cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Iran v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i: C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba trong MOU s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c thi v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, hai b\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba k\u00fd k\u1ebft. D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a MOU s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1eabn lu\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u MOU c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duncan B. Hollis <\/strong>
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Temple v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean cu\u1ed1n<\/em> The Oxford Guide to Treaties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u00f4n tr\u00edch: Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>
https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/2026\/06\/27\/mou-co-phai-la-dieu-uoc-quoc-te\/#more-67584<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n:  Duncan B. Hollis, \u201cIs the MOU a Treaty or Not? And Why Should We Care?\u201d, Foreign Policy, 23\/06\/2026 Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Vi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng Huy Gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Iran, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb (MOU)\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,769,8,12,9],"tags":[817,165,118,212,119,209,816],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-28964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-binhluan","category-chien-tranh","category-chinhtri-xahoi","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte","tag-bien-ban-ghi-nho","tag-binh-luan","tag-chinh-tri","tag-chuyen-de","tag-hoa-ky","tag-iran","tag-mou"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28964"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29000,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28964\/revisions\/29000"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}