{"id":29886,"date":"2026-11-03T08:31:49","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T08:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=29886"},"modified":"2026-11-03T08:31:50","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T08:31:50","slug":"sau-5-thang-cai-cach-kinh-tecuba-tien-thoai-luong-nan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=29886","title":{"rendered":"Sau 5 th\u00e1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf,
Cuba \u201cTi\u1ebfn Tho\u00e1i L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Nan\u201d<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean Thao<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
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_____________________<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2026, Cuba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 176 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Cuba c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, n\u0103m 1959<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n 5 th\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u201cC\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf\u201d \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng “ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan”<\/strong><\/mark>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuba hy v\u1ecdng 176 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u201ckho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u201d<\/strong> gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111ang ph\u01a1i b\u1ea7ytr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, trong khi qu\u1ef9 an to\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng<\/strong>. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i – cho ph\u00e9p s\u1edf h\u1eefu 100% v\u1ed1n – kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 do h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Cuba cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cc\u1edfi tr\u00f3i n\u1eeda v\u1eddi\u201d: ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng y\u1ebfu, thi\u1ebfu ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e9o m\u00f3, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Cuba ng\u00e0y nay: Nh\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u1ee6y ban Kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c (ECLAC) d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP c\u1ee7a Cuba trong n\u0103m 2026 s\u1ebd co b\u00f3p m\u1ea1nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00e2m 10,3%.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 110 ng\u00e0n km\u00b2 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t g\u1ea7n 80%. Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n mang v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh cho qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m g\u1ea7n 70%. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m Cuba nh\u1eadn ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i trung b\u00ecnh 3 t\u1ef7 M\u1ef9 kim \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 50% nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a; trong l\u00fac to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 80% s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1eddi song th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e0y b\u00e1n \u1edf \u201cch\u1ee3 \u0111en\u201d, v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuba c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p tham nh\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Caribbean, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Nga\u2013Venezuela v\u00e0 Miami m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 1 t\u1ef7 M\u1ef9 kim, l\u00e0m \u201cm\u1ea5t m\u00e1u\u201d trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Tham nh\u0169ng Cuba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebf theo thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a Transparency International \u1edf h\u1ea1ng 40\/100, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 84\/182 qu\u1ed1c gia to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u1eady, Cuba thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t M\u1ef9 Kim \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed3ng peso c\u1ee7a Cuba lao d\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y (*)<\/sup>.<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i<\/strong> th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2026, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Cuba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 (10.000 v\u00e0 20.000 peso). T\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 M\u1ef9 kim tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do (ch\u1ee3 \u0111en) \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2026 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 850 peso \u0111\u1ed5i 1 M\u1ef9 kim<\/strong>. Trong 10 th\u00e1ng qua, \u0111\u1ed3ng peso m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 40 ng\u00e0n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb xa hoa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4n l\u00ean\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 5 M\u1ef9 kim m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 16 M\u1ef9 kim m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, trong khi gi\u00e1 nhu y\u00eau ph\u1ea9m g\u1ea5p 8 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n

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D\u00e2n ch\u00fang Cuba bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh g\u00f5 xoong n\u1ed3i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Cuba, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 y khoa v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, 100% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p hai ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh \u201cngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ch\u1ec9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 6.500 Pesos Cuba (CUP) m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 9 M\u1ef9 kim, theo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en). Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t phi m\u00e3, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i nhu c\u1ea7u nhu m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cay \u0111\u1eafng: h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe taxi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e0n cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, khi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1i c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c di c\u01b0 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 1 tri\u00eau thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi Cuba sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u201d khi\u1ebfn Cuba m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Cuba n\u0103m 2026 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (xi m\u0103ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m 13% v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. D\u00f9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua 176 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i, v\u1eabn v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng Cuba ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy s\u1ee5p, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Donald Trump v\u1eabn \u201c\u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a\u201d k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u201cg\u1ecdng k\u00ecm\u201d \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa phong t\u1ecfa qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Cuba v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2026 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a TT Trump h\u00f4m 26 th\u00e1ng 9 v\u1eeba qua:<\/p>\n\n\n

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