{"id":3033,"date":"2020-06-30T08:03:42","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T08:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=3033"},"modified":"2025-07-06T16:27:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T16:27:29","slug":"cuoc-cai-tao-nong-nghiep-tai-mien-bac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=3033","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p T\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n<\/strong><\/em> – <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quen gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d (Pseudo-truth), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/strong>, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc theo chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch qu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u01b0u quy\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>. Tuy ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang xo\u00e1y s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu th\u00eam v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d, quen l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1ea3y x\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nguy v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i Ponan, Budapest, v\u1ee5 \u00e1n H\u1ed3 Phong \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u201cTr\u0103m Hoa \u0110ua N\u1edf\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Qu\u1ef3nh L\u01b0u, Ngh\u1ec7 An, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 33 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp tan. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn tranh phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111ang n\u1eafm \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn tranh phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u201c\u1ef7 d\u1ed1c\u201d Mi\u00ean-L\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t.
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 doanh.
\u2013 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam.
\u2013 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn L\u00e0o trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam.
\u2013 \u0110o\u00e0n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 559 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ea1 L\u00e0o.
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0m hai, ba k\u1ef3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cCu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t\u201d<\/strong> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.
\u2013 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.
\u2013 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.
\u2013 Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.
\u2013 H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ba ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Nh\u1eefng V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1987, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng C\u1eedu Long \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1983\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11, 1987, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5n X\u00e3 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e1o lo\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975. (Th\u1eadt ra, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976 th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi 1986, 1987, khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ve v\u00e3n d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec b\u00e1o ch\u00ed m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00f4n ho\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Qu\u1ef3nh L\u01b0u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, v\u1ee5 thanh ni\u00ean Nam B\u1ed9 t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 b\u00f3t C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t b\u1edd h\u1ed3 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201cs\u1eeda sai\u201d. L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u; n\u0103m 1983, b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 suy y\u1ebfu, ru\u1ed7ng n\u00e1t so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1956, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf trong Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh tay trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u hai cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eaft m\u00e1u; nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau v\u00e0 H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Montesquieu, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cEspuis des Lois\u201d n\u0103m 1748, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t, chia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia nh\u1ecf ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m\u201d<\/em> (xem t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cEspuis des Lois\u201d, quy\u1ec3n V, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI). Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ru\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u01b0\u1eddn, ao, hoa m\u00e0u, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e0y, b\u1eeba, cu\u1ed1c, x\u1ebbng, c\u1ed1i xay l\u00faa, c\u1ed1i gi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o, v.v\u2026. N\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Quan H\u1ec7 S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t<\/strong> trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong> (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1ee7 \u2013 th\u1ee3). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1ee7 \u2013 th\u1ee3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan na n\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0o tay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, thay v\u00ec chia nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi tay n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o tay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u00ean ch\u1ee7<\/em> Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u<\/em> v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c\u2026 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt do \u201ct\u00ean ch\u1ee7\u201d Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Trong tay h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed; h\u1ecd b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng an, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf; v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed7i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u00f9 ngh\u00e8o r\u1edbt c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ed1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110em gom g\u00f3p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nho nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu \u0111em gom g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng (c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n), ta c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7t to. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 Ng\u1eafn H\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u0169 ho\u00e1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 sau cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eafm h\u1ebft t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c doanh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e0o v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cC\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cB\u201d). H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh phi quy \u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ban ph\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 B\u00ed th\u01b0 H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, B\u00ed th\u01b0 Chi b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u00e1c b\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cR\u1ee3 H\u1ed3\u201d. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 D\u00e0i H\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 L\u00eanin, Stalin, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e3nh c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean m\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn sai v\u00e0 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n sai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec ch\u1ee7 quan ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3 v\u00fa l\u1ea5p mi\u1ec7ng em\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e3nh C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 m\u1eb7t khi nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u201cs\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n\u201d t\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd, Kinh t\u1ebf, X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1949-1957 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Ph\u1ea7n II d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i T\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb S\u1eafc lu\u1eadt Gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4 s\u1ed1 78\/SL ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1949 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf kho\u00e1 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf C\u00f4ng-Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u00e1t sinh, L\u00e2m-Th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n, xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng, v.v\u2026 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1951 do S\u1eafc lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 42\/SL c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00fang kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201cph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng\u201d c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng, \u201cb\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, \u201cb\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch\u201d m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201cch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4\u201d k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1954 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1955, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1956, v\u00ec ba l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn lo \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eadp k\u1ebft ra B\u1eafc.
\u2013 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e2n Ba L\u00e0ng v.v\u2026.
\u2013 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i che d\u1ea5u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n, che m\u1eaft c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5u tranh C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1955 \u0111\u1ea7u 1956 trong \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00f3ng tay ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb H\u00e0, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai cu\u1ed9c \u201c\u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5u tranh C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng do s\u1ef1 \u201cc\u00e0n \u0111i, qu\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7\u201d m\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf H\u1ed3 Nam, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, gia c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phong ki\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1nh c\u00f2 bay, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, dinh c\u01a1 v\u00e0qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i gian \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1c\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ef5 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb Linh m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb tra kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Cha Thanh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 Linh m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Ba L\u00e0ng n\u0103m 1949-1950, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u00e2n tu, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e3 man trong t\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, d\u00e3 man nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng trong C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00e0 S\u00e1ch L\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n binh Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ra h\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1eeba phong ph\u00fa, v\u1eeba chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u1edbp lang c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu, nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u m\u00f4 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp tinh vi, che m\u1eaft ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng v\u00e0o sinh ra t\u1eed trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh vi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e2n, K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Thu\u1ef7 L\u1ee3i, thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Thu\u1ef7 L\u1ee3i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 tham gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i X\u00f3m Chu\u1ed1i t\u1ec9nh Ninh B\u00ecnh, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft quan ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTheo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra ngay t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb 90% \u0111\u1ebfn 95% d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng gia chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5% l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u00e0m thu\u00ea, l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1edbn, t\u00e1 canh, t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n; do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft m\u00e1u\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft quan ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n ch\u00ed t\u1eed cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecbch, d\u1ee5 kh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbch<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau h\u1ebft, khi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft m\u00e1u, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp v\u00e0 d\u1ee5 kh\u1ecb, qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbch. L\u1eeba b\u1ecbp, d\u1ee5 kh\u1ecb v\u00e0 qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
  1. Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc<\/a><\/li>
  2. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954<\/a><\/li>
  3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh s\u1eaft m\u00e1u sau 1954<\/a><\/li>
  4. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c H\u00f3a N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li>
  5. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c lu\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n – L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u: Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quen\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,57,62,53,60,42,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-vanhoimoi","post-3033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","category-kienthuctongquat","category-kinhte-chinhtri","category-tacgia_tacpham","category-tai-lieu","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3033"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3033\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}