{"id":3104,"date":"2020-07-03T00:26:22","date_gmt":"2020-07-03T00:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=3104"},"modified":"2025-07-06T16:26:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T16:26:51","slug":"muc-tieu-cua-hop-tac-hoa-nong-nghiep-khong-che-nong-dan-bac-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=3104","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c H\u00f3a N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p: Kh\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf N\u00f4ng D\u00e2n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n<\/strong><\/em> – <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chia l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e0n I c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n k\u1ecbch C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed3i ni\u00eau, xoong ch\u1ea3o, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, cu\u1ed1c x\u1ebbng c\u1ea7y b\u1eeba, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed5i c\u00f9n, r\u1ebf r\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd ng\u1edd t\u1edbi. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eeda sai, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111i \u1edf \u0111\u1ee3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: Cu\u1ed9c “\u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi” ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng cho tay n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay kia v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc tinh vi, khi\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd…. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ee5c giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a trung n\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch <\/em>c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn ao.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “long tr\u1eddi l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t” \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p trung n\u00f4ng, tuy ch\u01b0a n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con c\u00e1 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean th\u1edbt. C\u00f2n gi\u1edbi b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ban cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, h\u1ecd th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tr\u1eeb b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m tay sai cho \u0110\u1ea3ng. Kh\u1ed1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tan r\u00e3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eeda sai, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh d\u1ef1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eeda sai <\/em>kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp giai c\u1ea5p c\u0169 <\/strong>v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eeda sai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u1eb9p c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi Phong Tr\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n Giai Ph\u1ea9m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i quy m\u00f4 (xem cu\u1ed1n Tr\u0103m Hoa \u0110ua N\u1edf Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5t B\u1eafc) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0169 trang trong tay n\u00ean sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phong Tr\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n Giai Ph\u1ea9m, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, ch\u00fang b\u00e8n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1955 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1956, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu h\u00f3a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch” kinh t\u1ebf 3 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c 5 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o hai ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p (C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7). Ng\u00e0nh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng b\u00f3p ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i M\u00e1c-x\u00edt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n trung gian trong gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1959 t\u1edbi 1970, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1955-1957).
– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec (1955-1960.
– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m (1960-1961).
– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1961-1965).
– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec (1966-1970).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee3t C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn “s\u1eeda sai” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ee5c giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 tru\u1ea5t h\u1eefu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00e0m sao c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i cam ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1eafng cay, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u1ebft? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean, ta c\u1ea7n \u0111i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng H\u1eefu H\u00f3a Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng.
– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p.
– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf 3 n\u0103m v\u00e0 5 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p cao, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p cao, th\u00ec n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, cho m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

I. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 “long tr\u1eddi l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t”. M\u1ed7i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang la b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e2n hoan. Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng kh\u01a1i d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed vui v\u1ebb ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n n\u00f4 nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0y
Con \u01a1i b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1edb ai<\/em>
(v\u0103n n\u00f4 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Thung)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u00e1nh t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecf ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb sinh s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u00ea. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mua l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng canh t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean sung t\u00fac h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng k\u1ef5 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n trong tay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng tung h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 “Nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t”<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 hay 15 gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00fap nhau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho “T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng”<\/strong>. T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trao \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed9t anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n A kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1eeba m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t cho k\u1ecbp gieo m\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00e2u c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n B. Khi m\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean, t\u1edbi l\u00fac c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5y l\u00faa, anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n B tuy c\u00f3 tr\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i neo ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n A \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y l\u00faa, c\u0169ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e2u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 3 kg l\u00faa m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho tr\u00e2u. V\u1edbi t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1ee7y x\u00e3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong t\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u00fap nhau, mang c\u00e0y b\u1eeba, cu\u1ed1c x\u1ebbng \u0111i canh t\u00e1c gi\u00fap, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda nh\u00e0, l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00ec gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc khi thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho k\u1ecbp “th\u1eddi v\u1ee5”. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp c\u00f3 tr\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y b\u1eeba th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp gieo m\u1ea1 l\u00fac ru\u1ed9ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y b\u1eeba s\u1ebd qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn n\u1eafng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5y l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1ee5”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m (tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
– Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hoa m\u00e0u v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.
– C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duy c\u00f3 ba \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1edbm cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/em> N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhau, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung (m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai: <\/em>Trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chung vai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: <\/em>Trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ph\u00f3, t\u1ed5 n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5 thanh ni\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u00e0i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m tai m\u1eaft theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/em> (ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd<\/em>). Trong m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c sinh ho\u1ea1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u1ea7n ba bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft, l\u1ee3i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn khoe khoang l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00ec d\u00e2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng, thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng cao. Ngay \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda Nam Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u1eeb 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 25%, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 1000 kg th\u00f3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p t\u1edbi 250 kg, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u01a1i th\u1eadt kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung, thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thi\u00ean tai, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1i khu T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc (xem b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3<\/a>) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Tuy\u00ean Quang, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng m\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1964 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 12-1958 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xong h\u1ebft tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 65% gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1m d\u1ec5 th\u1edf. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, tr\u1edf n\u00ean sung t\u00fac, mua th\u00eam tr\u00e2u c\u00e0y, mua th\u00eam n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tuy s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u00edt mi\u1ec7ng \u0103n n\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh d\u1ee5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n” m\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Th\u1ef1c ra, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t \u00edch l\u1ee3i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc xem t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p (danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u00e0y l\u00e0: “Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng S\u1ee9c S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t”<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m
th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>		S\u1ed1 T\u1ed5
\u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/td>		T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia<\/strong><\/td>T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
10-1957<\/td>72000<\/td>24,3%<\/td>B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n 3-10-57<\/td><\/tr>
11-1957<\/td>8569<\/td>29%<\/td>B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n 28-11-57<\/td><\/tr>
01-1958<\/td>102000<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
07-1958<\/td>137600<\/td>31,6%<\/td>VNI 15-8-58 (+)<\/td><\/tr>
10-1958<\/td>203582<\/td>51,1%<\/td>VNI 23-1-59 (+)<\/td><\/tr>
12-1958<\/td>300000 (++)<\/td>65%<\/td>\u0110\u00e0i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 29-12-58<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa:
(+) VNI: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Viet Nam Information xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon
(++) 300000 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tri\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

II. Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 14 c\u1ee7a Trung \u01af\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1ch 3 N\u0103m<\/strong> l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 “X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng N\u1ec1n Kinh T\u1ebf D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n”<\/strong>, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u1ec1n Kinh T\u1ebf D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c T\u01b0 S\u1ea3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh T\u1ebf D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c<\/strong>: “C\u1ea3nh L\u00e0m Thu\u00ea Cho Ch\u1ee7”<\/em> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 “gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p<\/strong>. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec7p T\u01b0 B\u1ea3n T\u01b0 Doanh<\/strong> \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb m\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1957 trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958 phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n t\u00f9y n\u01a1i. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Khu T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb Th\u00e1i M\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Tuy\u00ean Quang, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean v.v…, phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ve vu\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i gia nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, giai c\u1ea5p b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u01b0u quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 con em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v…v….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc
L\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau,
\u0110o\u00e0n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u
V\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi b\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef, chi\u00eang tr\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, phim \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0103n,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • “Bu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n, b\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/li>
  • L\u00e0m \u0103n c\u00f3 x\u00f3m c\u00f3 l\u00e0ng m\u1edbi vui”<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • “L\u00e0m \u0103n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ngh\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n<\/em><\/li>
    • C\u00f3 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u1ea1nh l\u1eafm ai \u01a1i”<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c v\u0103n n\u00f4 ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u01a1 nghe r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      “Nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra s\u00f4ng”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      hay l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      “V\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t ra n\u01b0\u1edbc thay tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u01b0a”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e2u tr\u00ean ng\u1ee3i ca c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u cho l\u00faa kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft. C\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, hai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean”<\/em> c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      1. Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/em> Trong H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n”), nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t qua cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed9p h\u1ebft ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ee9 hai:<\/em> Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c “Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o”<\/em> (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2), ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ee9 ba:<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n sau khi v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hoa m\u00e0u do m\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e1nh th\u00f3c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 sau m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a g\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 g\u00e1nh th\u00f3c v\u00e0o kho l\u1eabm c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Thay v\u00ec hoa m\u00e0u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ra sao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i t\u1edbi sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: Nh\u1edd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0103n, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0: “H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m b\u1ea3y t\u1ea5n”<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m v\u00e0 5 n\u0103m. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y c\u00e0y, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i chung v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u an v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0103n theo x\u00f3m theo ph\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c. Theo n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a anh, thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh H\u00e0, t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20% n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0103n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd y\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mang v\u1ec1 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c r\u1ea1. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u1ecd t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 xa gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i…), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 theo c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m (ghi c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ebf \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00ec tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ef9 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 th\u00f9 lao m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      2. Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p C\u1ee7a X\u00e3 Vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 “h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf”<\/em>, danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thu chi l\u1eddi l\u1ed7, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh vi\u00ean n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eebng xu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 no \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean n\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      a. \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ea7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i khung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 vi\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i s\u1edf”<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u00ean ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u00f9i t\u1ea1i s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng trung ki\u00ean v\u1eeba l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo d\u00f5i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      – Lo\u1ea1i A:<\/em> lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m nhanh, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111i l\u00e0m s\u1edbm.
      – Lo\u1ea1i B:<\/em> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trung b\u00ecnh.
      – Lo\u1ea1i C:<\/em> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m, hay \u0111i tr\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5m \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch B\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5m \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “m\u1ed1c kho\u00e1n”<\/em>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 3 lo\u1ea1i A, B v\u00e0 C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Khi ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u1ea1i A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 12 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i C ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00e0 s\u1ed1 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 vi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i A l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 3 c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i C l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 3 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u00f3 18 \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 c\u00f4ng, x\u00e3 vi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i C ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00eam ng\u00e0y, hai l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9 n\u00ean x\u00e3 vi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i C ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “L\u00e0m ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tranh th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00eam”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i Sao Ph\u1ea3i L\u00e0m Cho \u0110\u1ee7 C\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb giao kho\u00e1n cho t\u1eebng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a, v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “m\u1ee9c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m”<\/em>, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u trong m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1ee9c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hai lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 th\u00ec m\u1ee9c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 5000 \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 6 th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 5000 \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 500 c\u00f4ng (10 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng) m\u1ed7i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m kho\u1ea3ng 170 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 140 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m 170 ng\u00e0y trong 6 th\u00e1ng (180 ng\u00e0y) v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 12 gi\u1edd m\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3m giao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n theo lo\u1ea1i A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 10 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f4ng, con s\u1ed1 170 ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t”<\/em> nh\u01b0 c\u00e0y, b\u1eeba, g\u1eb7t, h\u00e1i. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng “Ngh\u0129a V\u1ee5”<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra hai lo\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      – Lo\u1ea1i A:<\/em> Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ee7y L\u1ee3i – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edd \u0111\u1eadp, t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, khai n\u01b0\u01a1ng v…v…, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      – Lo\u1ea1i B:<\/em> Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i – nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e2y tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf, x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u, \u0111i g\u00e1c ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hai lo\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i th\u00ec b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 1 cho t\u1edbi 3 c\u00f4ng (3 ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1edbi khuya \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i khuya \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00eam, v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      D\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb ra 25% g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m Ki\u1ebfn Thi\u1ebft X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a<\/em>, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau m\u1edbi t\u00ednh ra gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng v\u1ee5. S\u1ed1 l\u00faa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec g\u1eb7p n\u0103m m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, s\u1ed1 l\u00faa c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      “Ti\u1ec1n chia cho m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f9y theo s\u1ed1 thu t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ed9ng chung s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng. \u0110em s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng thu chia cho s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng, ta c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10000 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 100000 \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 10 xu. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng thu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8000 \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 8 xu. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f9y s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng thu, cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng thu cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n hay m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 l\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • “M\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa”.<\/em> (L\u1eddi anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 12 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hai \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb 4 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi 10 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam (18\/24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        b. \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p Thu\u1ebf N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p V\u00e0 Thu\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea3m Ph\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh ho\u1ea1t, l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, th\u00ec n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 nh\u00e2n danh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Thu\u1ebf N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p, Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em>
        “Khi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chia cho x\u00e3 vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u00edt \u0111i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 l\u00faa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng 15 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 3 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a l\u00e0 100 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf xong ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 77 t\u1ea5n. Thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 15% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u00ednh l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u00f2n thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec7nh binh b\u1ecb \u0111au \u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec \u0111i l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t kh\u1eaft khe, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n \u1edf Thanh Th\u1ee7y, t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng v\u0103n K\u00ednh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ebf hai n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i “d\u00e2y d\u01b0a thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p”<\/em>. Anh Ho\u00e0ng v\u0103n K\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea3ng thi h\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh K\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 “th\u1eafc m\u1eafc” v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t kh\u1eaft khe, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n o\u00e1n h\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng th\u00f3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng th\u00f3c l\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a l\u1ea5y 23 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c (g\u1ed3m thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 100 t\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf 23 t\u1ea5n), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i 23 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a. T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9t th\u00f3c qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9t v\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n thay th\u00f3c th\u00ec h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 thay m\u1eb7t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng 6200 \u0111\u1ed3ng (gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c 270 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n (l\u00e0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 100 d\u00e2n) \u0111\u00f3ng 62 \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1edbi 62 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 70 kg th\u00f3c hay 50 kg g\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 23 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n) th\u00ec chia \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 230 kg th\u00f3c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 164 kg g\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu chia cho 6 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam g\u1ea7n 1 kg g\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 4 b\u00e1t c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea7y). Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9t th\u00f3c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: gi\u00e1 th\u00f3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 270 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n, trong khi gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 800 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1edbi 900 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf “ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cao c\u1ea3”<\/em> nghe kho\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tai, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        c. \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p Cho C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9 Qu\u1ef9 C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u0169ng “thay m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 vi\u00ean” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qu\u1ef9 Th\u1ee7y L\u1ee3i:<\/strong> “Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 mua d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4, h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ru\u1ed9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v… nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ef9 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t ti\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i. Qu\u1ef9 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c h\u1ebft tr\u01a1n, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng g\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qu\u1ef9 T\u00edch L\u0169y:<\/strong> “C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean g\u1eb7p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i li\u00ean hoan c\u1ee7a ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi con \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qu\u1ef9 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i:<\/strong> “\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p cho x\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau ra sao”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qu\u1ef9 B\u1ea3o Hi\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n.
        An to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u nghe qua th\u1ea5y m\u00ea m\u1ea9n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 vi\u00ean sau khi “nh\u1edd” h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 “\u0111\u00f3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u00f9m” v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i do qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i. Tuy bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a, \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho “c\u1ee7a \u0111i thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng cho \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p anh Ho\u00e0ng v\u0103n K\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y sau n\u00e0y. Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea9n nha l\u00e0m t\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng coi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o tha h\u1ed3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u1eeb l\u1edbp v\u1ecf n\u00e0y t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0103n. T\u1eeb H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ng b\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u thi \u0111ua ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau khi b\u1eaft d\u00e2n g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf, g\u00f3p c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u1ef9, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u00f2n “ph\u00e1t huy s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn” ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 “nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n” nu\u00f4i g\u00e0, nu\u00f4i heo cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “V\u1ec1 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 100 kg th\u1ecbt m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ebft \u0103n th\u1ecbt. M\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i hai con g\u00e0 cho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1ed7 v\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i heo l\u1ed7 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. Anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ee3n gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n l\u1ee3n con cho d\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n ph\u1ea3i mua l\u1ee3n gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n l\u1ee3n con t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n con n\u1eb7ng 10 kg gi\u00e1 30 \u0111\u1ed3ng (ti\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc). L\u1ee3n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc th\u00ec nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn. Ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i t\u1edbi t\u00e1m ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi l\u1edbn t\u1edbi 50 kg. L\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1m, m\u00e0 c\u00e1m th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft. M\u1ed7i con l\u1ee3n \u0103n h\u1ebft 4 h\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n c\u00e1m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 12 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, hay l\u00e0 96 \u0111\u1ed3ng trong 8 th\u00e1ng. Hai con l\u1ee3n m\u1ea5t 192 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00e1m, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua 2 con h\u1ebft 60 \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 252 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n. Hai con l\u1ee3n n\u1eb7ng 100 kg b\u00e1n cho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i kg th\u1ecbt theo gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ebft 152 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng lao kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc trong t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch. 152 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng 4 th\u00e1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u1ef7 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i chung. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 30% s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3<\/strong> <\/em>…”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        L\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n l\u1ed7 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i mua l\u1ee3n con v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt heo gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eddi tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ai c\u0169ng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn n\u00e0o. Khi anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c “b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 30% s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3” th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o “c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ea3i mua th\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3?”.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 no \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e0 ta s\u1eafp ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        3. Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 H\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ee5 C\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng m\u00f9a hay t\u1eebng v\u1ee5 t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u1ee9 t\u1edbi m\u00f9a g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n k\u1ebft to\u00e1n \u0103n chia”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        a. \u0110\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t C\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n k\u1ebft to\u00e1n \u0103n chia l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a. Sau khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e0m xong, ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0103n chia t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 8 xu t\u1edbi 10 xu). C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng \u0111i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ra m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        X\u00e3 vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng thu. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng thu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ef9, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi chia cho s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ebd t\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua g\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 \u0103n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n mua g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 theo gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec mua \u1edf ngo\u00e0i theo gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua ti\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”. Th\u1eadt ra \u00edt c\u00f3 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 mua g\u1ea1o theo \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 d\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u1ed1 g\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1i “m\u1ee9c \u0103n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh”<\/strong> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 bao t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        b. M\u1ee9c \u0102n Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng “c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0103n u\u1ed1ng” kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc A, B, C nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh:<\/em> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5:<\/em> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, th\u1ee3 n\u1ec1, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c. M\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/em> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/em> Con n\u00edt d\u01b0\u1edbi 8 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1ee9c \u0103n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n binh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Nam, sinh n\u0103m 1952, khi h\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh n\u0103m 1970 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 tu\u1ed5i cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Tuy\u00ean Quang (khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i anh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Hoa K\u1ef3 oanh t\u1ea1c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (1965) th\u00ec anh Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n g\u1ea1o l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “…Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ri\u00eang t\u1ec9nh Tuy\u00ean Quang tr\u1edf n\u00ean sung t\u00fac h\u01a1n…. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u00e0 21 c\u00e2n g\u1ea1o (21 kg) cho m\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 c\u00e2n, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 c\u00e2n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea1o cao trong khi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 13 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 c\u00e2n g\u1ea1o, anh Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do, n\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 21 c\u00e2n g\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0103n \u00edt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng anh Vi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 th\u1edf t\u1ea1i khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n ve vu\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9 tay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Thanh H\u00f3a, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967-1968, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        \u1ede l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch, huy\u1ec7n Thanh H\u00e0, t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea1o cao h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng Thanh H\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: “n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n theo c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Anh L\u00ea v\u0103n H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a anh c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0103n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 14,4 kg g\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 12 kg g\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 ho\u1eb7c 7 kg g\u1ea1o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i 2 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, 2 \u0111\u1ee9a con d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n mua g\u1ea1o theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 14,4 kg cho t\u00f4i 12 kg cho v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 12 kg cho 2 \u0111\u1ee9a con, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 38,4 kg g\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 mua th\u00f3c (ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ra g\u1ea1o) \u1edf h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00f4i mua th\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n mang v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ri\u00eang v\u00e0 mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n mua th\u00eam qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may v\u00ec \u1ed1m \u0111au hay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n mua th\u00f3c, th\u00ec nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: Th\u00e1ng X, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u00edt c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 mua 24 kg g\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu 14,4 kg g\u1ea1o. Theo nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n mua 14,4 kg \u0111\u00f3, cho d\u00f9 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u “b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 30% s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3”<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ra sao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 30% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong c\u1ea3 v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 30% s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i mua b\u00f9 \u1edf ch\u1ee3 \u0111en v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc treo c\u1ed5 l\u00ean x\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn (Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng cho ai ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        4. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng C\u1ee7a N\u00f4ng D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed1i V\u1edbi H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau khi \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t nghe theo \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh s\u1eaft m\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1eaft khe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam b\u1ecb nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ri\u1ebft r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t kh\u00f9ng. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u00ecn ra h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0ng r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m t\u1ecf ra ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh xin ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, c\u00f3 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ecfi, si\u00eang n\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 d\u00f9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ecfi, d\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ed1 thu ho\u1ea1ch cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 “thu mua”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ecfi, n\u00ean v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m, mang n\u1ee3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9a, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, \u00edch k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0y r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m r\u1ee7 nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat ra n\u00ean t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh C\u00e1t, Thanh Th\u1ee7y, Thanh H\u00f3a, Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 gom l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. \u1ede v\u00f9ng X\u00edch Th\u1ed5, Ninh B\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Th\u00e1i M\u00e8o, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean cho m\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1964 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3i chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean cho h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y trao \u0111i \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed1i Ph\u00f3 Ra Sao?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 vi\u00ean r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u1eb3n l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea3ng, do \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. C\u00f3 ba bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean (ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean) c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u00f4i k\u00e9o gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khai tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi \u0110o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb x\u00e3 vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ebb x\u00e3 vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho x\u00e3 vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng hay th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf M\u1eadu D\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c Doanh. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00ean khi ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y l\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng khi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, v\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch Di\u00eam-Nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 mua. (c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebb x\u00e3 vi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea3i. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay tr\u1edf v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khoanh v\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 vi\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1edd ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft c\u1ea3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khoanh v\u00f9ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3p ch\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 bao v\u00e2y, mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y qua. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u0169ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng 1957, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ai \u1edf ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Th\u1eadt ra n\u1ebfu n\u0103m 1957 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ea3ng thanh to\u00e1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956 t\u1edbi 1968 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 7, 8 l\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u00e8n th\u1eeba th\u1eafng x\u00f4ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c X\u00e3 C\u1ea5p Cao<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng H\u00e0m C\u00e1ch l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u0169 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee3t I v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu h\u00f3a ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00e2u b\u00f2”<\/em>, v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ed1t s\u1ed1 5% hoa m\u1ea7u m\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        +
        + +<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u1ea5p cao, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n “sung s\u01b0\u1edbng” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong k\u1ef3 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n
        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
        1. Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc<\/a><\/li>
        2. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954<\/a><\/li>
        3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh s\u1eaft m\u00e1u sau 1954<\/a><\/li>
        4. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c H\u00f3a N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li>
        5. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c lu\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chia l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e0n I c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n k\u1ecbch C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed3i ni\u00eau, xoong ch\u1ea3o, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, gi\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,57,62,53,60,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-vanhoimoi","post-3104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","category-kienthuctongquat","category-kinhte-chinhtri","category-tacgia_tacpham","category-tai-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3104\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

        (lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eeb, th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/td>Lo\u1ea1i A<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>9,6kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5<\/td>7kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>M\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>6,4kg<\/td><\/tr>
        (trung b\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/td>Lo\u1ea1i B<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>8,4kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5<\/td>6kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>M\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>4,8kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>8 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng<\/td>4-6kg<\/td><\/tr>
        (lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m, thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/td>Lo\u1ea1i C<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>7kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5<\/td>5,25Kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>M\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>4kg<\/td><\/tr>
        <\/td>D\u01b0\u1edbi 8 tu\u1ed5i<\/td>2-3kg<\/td><\/tr>