{"id":4094,"date":"2020-07-29T06:18:05","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T06:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=4094"},"modified":"2020-11-25T03:19:22","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T03:19:22","slug":"hiep-dinh-geneve-khong-quy-dinh-tong-tuyen-cu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=4094","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GEN\u00c8VE kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n Gia Ph\u1ee5ng<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/em> GEN\u00c8VE<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3: Tr\u1ea7n Gia Ph\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eeba qua, cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i BBC ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 6-5-2020 th\u1eadt h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a c\u0169 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve <\/em>ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.- HI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ecaNH GEN\u00c8VE<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh x\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve <\/em>v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/em>. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau. Hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh k\u00fd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954 l\u00e0 Henri Delteil, thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, thay m\u1eb7t T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu, th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Anh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Trung Hoa (Trung C\u1ed9ng), L\u00e0o, Cambodia. Hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 6 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, 47 \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m lo thi h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u0129 tuy\u1ec1n 17 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em> Tuy nhi\u00ean \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.- HI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ecaNH GEN\u00c8VE<\/em> KH\u00d4NG QUY \u0110\u1ecaNH T\u1ed4NG TUY\u1ec2N C\u1eec<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> b\u1eb1ng hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o, kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, sau khi hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf Cambodia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve h\u1ecdp ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21-7-1954, t\u1ee9c h\u1ecdp ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eb1m b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n \u201cTuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve 1954 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m 13 \u0111i\u1ec1u; quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 7, ghi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn. \u0110\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-1956 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ban Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n trong Ban Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20-7-1955 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong hai v\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.\u201d (Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean, Di\u1ec5m Ch\u00e2u, \u0110o\u00e0n T\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng 1945-1973<\/em>, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n: Tr\u00ecnh B\u00e0y, 1973, tr. 53. \u0110\u1ec3 xem b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0o: google.com.fr., ch\u1eef kh\u00f3a: D\u00e9claration finale de la Conf\u00e9rence de Gen\u00e8ve en 1954.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u 7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u201cTuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve 1954 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ng\u00e0y 21-7-1954, ch\u1ee9 ko6ng ph\u1ea3i trong hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 (21-7-1954) l\u00e0 Anthony Eden (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Anh) h\u1ecfi t\u1eebng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n, th\u00ec b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Trung Hoa, Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cambodge \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mi\u1ec7ng<\/strong> r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd\u201d. (Ho\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Th\u1ee5y, Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/em>, cu\u1ed1n 5, Paris: Nxb. Nam \u00c1 2002, tr. 2642.) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0o k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd<\/strong>. (T\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd. Xin v\u00e0o Google s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 (d\u00e9claration) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb hay k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i \u00fd, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c thi h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd b\u1ea3n \u201cTuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve 1954 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ng\u00e0y 21-7-1954. Hai ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.- B\u1eaeC VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u00d2I H\u1eceI \u0110I\u1ec0U KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 19-7-1955, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng BVN l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng g\u1edfi th\u01b0 cho th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng NVN l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb hi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20-7-1955, m\u00e0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed nh\u1eb1m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. (John S. Bowman, The Vietnam War, Day by Day<\/em>, New York: The Maillard Press, 1989, tr. 17.) Ng\u00e0y 10-8-1955, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 QGVN t\u1ee9c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Gen\u00e8ve n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a thay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 26-10-1955, c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u1ea7y h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 11-5-1956, 18-7-1957, v\u00e0 7-3-1958, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc V\u1ec7t Nam quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26-4-1958.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.- AI VI PH\u1ea0M HI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ecaNH GEN\u00c8VE<\/em>?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau n\u0103m 1975, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ean th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c\u201d, \u2018t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a do c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954, t\u1ea1i Li\u1ec5u Ch\u00e2u (Liuzhou) thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y (Kwangsi), Trung Hoa, di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp gi\u1eefa th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Trung C\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2n Lai v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 5-7-1954. Theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2n Lai, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n; ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi c\u01a1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. S\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 10,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (Ti\u1ec1n Giang, Chu \u00c2n Lai d\u1eef Nh\u1eadt-N\u1ed9i-Ng\u00f5a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/em> [Chu \u00c2n Lai v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>] B\u1eafc Kinh: Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3ng s\u1eed xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u00e3, 2005, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Danh Dy, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Chu \u00c2n Lai t\u1ea1i Gen\u00e8ve n\u0103m 1954<\/em>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 27 \u201cH\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u1ec5u Ch\u00e2u then ch\u1ed1t\u201d. Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet). N\u00f3i l\u00e0 10,000 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u 5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> nguy\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n hai m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m (25) ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/em>.\u201d [Khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17. Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf ph\u00eda nam.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00f4n gi\u1ea5u v\u00f5 kh\u00ed, l\u01b0u 10,000 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e0i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t, Mai Ch\u00ed Th\u1ecd, Cao \u0110\u0103ng Chi\u1ebfm\u2026 (Huy \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u00ean th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c,<\/em> t\u1eadp I: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, New York: Osinbook, 2012, tt. 271-273.) Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ea7y \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 20-1-1951, ch\u1ec9 huy to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (Th\u00e1ng 10-1954, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0y 23-1-1961 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng (kh\u00f3a III) \u0111\u1ea3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y Nam B\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y do ph\u00eda CS ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 sau n\u0103m 1975, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, r\u1ed3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a t\u1ee9c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>, trong khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a t\u1ee9c B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam li\u00ean t\u1ee5c vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do tham v\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, do ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 do l\u00e0m tay sai cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a t\u1ee9c B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f4ng khai h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, x\u00e2n l\u0103ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a t\u1ee9c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh cho c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4<\/em>\u201d. (Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u1ea7m, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1991-2000, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0i BBC ng\u00e0y 24-1-2013.) M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u1ea7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sai v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i BBC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng nhau \u00f4n l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n b\u00f3p m\u00e9o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc xu th\u1eddi. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TR\u1ea6N GIA PH\u1ee4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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