{"id":5299,"date":"2020-09-20T06:51:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-20T06:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=5299"},"modified":"2020-11-17T02:01:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T02:01:04","slug":"giao-su-nguyen-dang-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=5299","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NDThuc.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NDThuc.jpg 348w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NDThuc-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><figcaption>1908-1999<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:20px\">M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh vi\u00ean qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng <br>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean san nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 <em>Journal of Vietnamese<\/em> <em>Studies <\/em>do Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (Center for Southeast Asia Studies) thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Berkeley \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, trong s\u1ed1 m\u00f9a Thu n\u0103m 2015, c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" width=\"9\" height=\"29\">. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cThe Promotion of Confucianism in South Vietnam (1955-1975) and the Role of Nguyen Dang Thuc as a New Confucian Scholar,\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao Kh\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eeb 1955 t\u1edbi 1975), v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.\u201d T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u1ea5n C\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ki\u00eam Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u00f4n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m t\u1ea1i khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy Kh\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam VN trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955-1975 (\u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c. Trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u1ea5n C\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean <em>Journal of Vietnamese Studies<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sinh kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi 1907. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ghi 1909. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 <em>V\u0103n H\u1ecdc T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00f9ng (Saig\u00f2n : Khai Tr\u00ed, 1974) ghi 1913. Sinh ra \u1edf v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y khai sinh, tu\u1ed5i ghi tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd (1907) \u00edt khi \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Sau nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1908, t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 (nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau trong \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu). \u00d4ng sinh ra t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea, l\u00e0ng Th\u1ed5 Kh\u1ed1i, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m, ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh. <br>\u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nho h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng.<br>Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c sau n\u00e0y. Sau khi thi \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc Albert Sarraut, \u00f4ng l\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc.<br><br>N\u0103m 1927 \u00f4ng sang du h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1928-1929, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa t\u00e0i I v\u00e0 II (c\u1ea3 hai ban Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 To\u00e1n) t\u1ea1i Marseilles, mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia C\u00f4ng M\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 (\u00c9cole nationale des Arts) thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lille \u1edf Roubais, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1934. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne (Paris).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngay sau khi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m 1935 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng hai ngu\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 B\u00f9i Ng\u1ecdc \u00c1i v\u00e0 V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Di xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 <em>L\u2019Avenir de la Jeunesse<\/em> (T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1937, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ec9nh b\u00fat (bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean) cho b\u00e1o <em>Le Travail<\/em> (Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng). Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, b\u00e1o n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n. V\u00ec sinh k\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u01a1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay, <em>Tinh th\u1ea7n Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc<\/em> (1939). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: dung h\u00f2a tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u00e2u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, n\u0103m 1944 \u00f4ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ri\u00eang \u1edf Th\u1ee5y Kh\u00ea, ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Duy Nh\u1ea5t<\/em> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Chu Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng Minh Gi\u00e1m. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra trong<em> Tinh th\u1ea7n Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc Petrus K\u00fd \u1edf S\u00e0ig\u00f2n:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tu kh\u1eafc c\u1ed1t<\/em><br><em>T\u00e2y \u00c2u khoa h\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu minh t\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng tam gi\u00e1o (Nho, Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cKh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1945, l\u00fac cao tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00ean cao, \u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 cho C\u00f4ng binh x\u01b0\u1edfng Li\u00ean khu Ba. V\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00ean n\u0103m 1948, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00e2n Hu\u1ea5n V\u1ee5, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qua n\u0103m sau, 1949, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1953, khi v\u1ecb Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ng\u00f4 Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ecbch t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch V\u0103n h\u00f3a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp san <em>V\u0103n H\u00f3a<\/em> <em>T\u00f9ng Bi\u00ean<\/em>, c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c theo \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i 46, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ee9c \u201ct\u1ee9 th\u1eadp nhi b\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c,\u201d \u00f4ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c &amp; v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, 1954-1975<\/u><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1954-1955<\/strong>:<br>&#8211;Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n;<br>&#8211;Ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 Nha V\u0103n h\u00f3a;<br>&#8211;Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat <em>V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 T\u1eadp san.<\/em><br><br><strong>1956<\/strong>:<br>&#8211;\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 do \u00c1 ch\u00e2u t\u1ea1i New Delhi, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u201cNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a M\u1ed9t C\u1ed9t.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1957<\/strong>:<br>&#8211;Qua Paris ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1ef1 do.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1958:<\/strong><br>&#8211;S\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u201cH\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u, Li\u00ean L\u1ea1c V\u0103n H\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u,\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1eadp san <em>V\u0103n H\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/em>.<br>&#8211;D\u1ea1y th\u00eam t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m S\u00e0ig\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1959:<br>&#8211;Tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hawaii (Hoa K\u1ef3), thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cTri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng.\u201d<br>&#8211;Tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Ng\u0169 th\u1eadp chu ni\u00ean H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Mi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u1eeb 1961 \u0111\u1ebfn 1964:<\/strong><br>&#8211;Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, ki\u00eam Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng;<br>&#8211;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ti\u1ec3u ban V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a UNESCO Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<br><br><strong>1963:<\/strong><br>&#8211;G\u00f3p c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9i, S\u00e0ig\u00f2n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1964-65, Gs. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. H\u1ecd v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00f4ng k\u00fd chung v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNCH \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi phe \u201cM\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d (do H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i d\u1ef1ng ra) \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh.\u201d Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. Do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng do uy t\u00edn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u1eeb 1965<\/strong> tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u1eeb 1968<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1969<\/strong>: Tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u0103n h\u00f3a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ASPAC (Asian Pacific Studies) t\u1ea1i Seoul (H\u00e1n th\u00e0nh), Nam H\u00e0n, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cTh\u1ebf qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1970-1975:<\/strong><br>&#8211;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Ph\u00e2n khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh.<br>&#8211;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y th\u00eam t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u0103m 1974<\/strong>, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 10 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trao t\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danh d\u1ef1. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Khi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Long, c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh t\u1eb7ng th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00ed Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u, n\u00fai Th\u00e1i s\u01a1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u0110\u1ea9u tinh ng\u1eddi s\u00e1ng \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t huy Nho, \u0110\u1ea1o, Th\u00edch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Th\u00e1i l\u0129nh ng\u1ea5t cao \u00c2u \u00c1, v\u0103n khoa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5301\" width=\"473\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture-1.jpg 611w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture-1-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture-1-465x526.jpg 465w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture-1-442x500.jpg 442w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Tr\u1ecdng Anh trong b\u00e0i \u201cGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u1ecdc trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 trao t\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1974, th\u00ec cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u201ctr\u00ean 50.\u201d Xin xem trong ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 ch\u00e2u, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/em> trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-60). Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a \u0111ang c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n h\u1eefu \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Nam H\u00e0n\u2026 T\u1eeb 1961 tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. T\u1eeb 1967-68 tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc: vi\u1ebft <em>Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam,<\/em> <em>Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng<\/em>, d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch <em>Kh\u00f3a H\u01b0 L\u1ee5c <\/em>c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 M\u00e2u B\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdng<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 30-4-1975, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c \u1ea9n c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia, s\u1ed1 9\/7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ef3nh, qu\u1eadn Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, vui v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, hoa c\u1ea3nh v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0, \u201can b\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn v\u00ec t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i sinh vi\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng th\u1ecd n\u0103m \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 88 v\u00e0 90 tu\u1ed5i. L\u1ec5 m\u1eebng th\u1ecd 88 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 2-1995. L\u1ec5 m\u1eebng th\u1ecd 90 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 3-1997. Tin t\u1eeb S\u00e0ig\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft tuy v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng g\u1ea7y g\u00f2, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng g\u1eady. Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf l\u00fac 4 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, 2 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1999 t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia, nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 M\u00e3o, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 92 tu\u1ed5i. Ngay khi C\u00e1o Ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y linh c\u1eefu qu\u00e0n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n sinh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp t\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng. L\u00fac di quan, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec5n th\u1ea7y. Sinh vi\u00ean V\u0103n khoa \u0111\u1ec3 tang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3: nam m\u1eb7c chemise tr\u1eafng, qu\u1ea7n \u0111en, th\u1eaft c\u00e0-v\u1ea1t \u0111en, n\u1eef m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i tr\u1eafng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eaft kh\u0103n tang. Sau l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt 6 th\u00e1ng 6-1999, tro c\u1ed1t v\u00e0 linh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 th\u1edf t\u1ea1i Thanh Minh thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n B\u1eedu, qu\u1eadn Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, S\u00e0ig\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tin Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf ra t\u1edbi h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. C\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau: Nam California ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 6-1999, Montreal, Canada ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 6-1999, mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Hoa K\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 7-1999.&nbsp; Trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 6-1999 t\u1ea1i Westminster, California, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ho\u1ea1ch, nguy\u00ean Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c), \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau, <em>\u201c\u00d4ng<\/em> (Gs. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c) <em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eebng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2026 \u2018Tri\u1ebft nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadt vi\u1ec5n\u2019 (Tri\u1ebft nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t xa v\u1eddi), nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 m\u00f4n sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u201d<\/em> Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ho\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, <em>\u201cCh\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1eebng th\u1ecd khi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 88 tu\u1ed5i n\u0103m 1995. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ni\u00ean, c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Tri\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa Hu\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh, Hu\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5302\" width=\"436\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture1.jpg 534w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture1-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture1-376x550.jpg 376w, https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Capture1-342x500.jpg 342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nam l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1 nam, 2 n\u1eef) ra s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2017, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd 101 &nbsp;tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u0169 v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, m\u1ed9t trai, m\u1ed9t g\u00e1i. C\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, gi\u1eef n\u1ebfp nh\u00e0. M\u00f4n sinh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cao tu\u1ed5i, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t n\u00fai. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Gs. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c mong \u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch, nh\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(B\u1ed5 t\u00fac t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0110\u1eb7c san B\u1eafc Ninh, do H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc Ninh t\u1ea1i Nam California \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n 2016)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ea7n Huy B\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><em>Journal of Vietnamese Studies<\/em>, Vol. 10, No. 4 (Fall 2015), trang 30-81.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eafc \u00fd c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 <em>\u201cNh\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfn b\u0103ng t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc h\u1ed3\u201d<\/em> (M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh l\u00f2ng b\u0103ng trong b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc), ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, thanh cao.<\/li><li>\u201cH\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n cao, c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y h\u1ea1nh, n\u01a1i Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. \u201cS\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1eadc l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y. \u1ede \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng x\u01b0a, Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ea1n th\u1ebf s\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u.\u201d Trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ni\u00ean mu\u1ed1n v\u00ed Gs. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed, v\u00e0 mong gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 vui tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>T\u00c1C PH\u1ea8M<br>c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong><u>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef<\/u><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : V\u0103n H\u00f3a V\u1ee5 B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng Tin, 1955.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ea1i quan t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng : Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n<\/em> (1225-1400).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ed5, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> (5 t\u1eadp).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Linh S\u01a1n ; Khai Tr\u00ed, 1956-64.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ed5, 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> : t\u1eadp 1, 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c V\u1ee5 Khanh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch V\u0103n H\u00f3a, 1967-69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> : t\u1eadp 4, 5, 6, 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Nam C\u01b0\u1eddng, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Kinh Thi, 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi ca Nguy\u1ec5n Du.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Kinh Thi, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Kinh Thi, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Nha Tu Th\u01b0 v\u00e0 S\u01b0u Kh\u1ea3o, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110H V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i : Vi\u1ec7t Nam V\u0103n H\u00f3a Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i, 1953.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Khai Tr\u00ed, 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, 1958-60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Nh\u1ecb Kh\u00ea, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n sinh Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i : Nha Th\u00f4ng Tin B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : V\u0103n H\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, 1956, 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : Khai Tr\u00ed, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u00e0ig\u00f2n : V\u0103n H\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong><u>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng Anh &amp; Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef<\/u><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Asian Culture and Vietnamese Humanism<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saigon : Vietnamese Association for Asian Cultural Relations, 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>De la d\u00e9mocratie dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 traditionelle vietnamienne.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saigon : Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Democracy in Traditional Vietnamese Society.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saigon : Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Origins of the Vietnamese People.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saigon : Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education, 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong><u>D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt<\/u><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i : T\u1ee9 H\u1ea3i, 1949.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kh\u00f3a h\u01b0 l\u1ee5c<\/em> c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00fd ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a M\u00e2u B\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong><u>Ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/u><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ch\u00f9a M\u1ed9t C\u1ed9t <\/em>(th\u01a1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00e3o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>N\u00fai Y\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tam gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1n l\u1ee5c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Ni\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 T\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh vi\u00ean qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean san nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Journal of Vietnamese Studies do Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (Center for Southeast Asia Studies) thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Berkeley \u1ea5n<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=5299\">\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-5299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5299\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}