{"id":5316,"date":"2020-09-23T07:29:32","date_gmt":"2020-09-23T07:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=5316"},"modified":"2020-10-01T06:11:04","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T06:11:04","slug":"cai-tao-tu-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=5316","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea2I T\u1ea0O T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea3y n\u00e3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (CSVN) ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ban Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch S\u1eed – \u0110\u1ecba L\u00fd – V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00e1c-L\u00ea nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, m\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh sinh v\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean, c\u1ee7a Vua Quan Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p trong L\u00e0ng X\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 B\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecf theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea3y n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy, hay th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c cung c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau trong t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o M\u1ed9t B\u1ecdc Tr\u0103m Con c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea3ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c-L\u00ea nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u00ean R\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ban \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o h\u1ecdc sinh\/ sinh vi\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eed li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ghi trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, s\u00e1ch s\u1eed do \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i khi nghe nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean, th\u00ec l\u1edbp thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy x\u00e9t hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ed1t ra l\u1eddi khinh khi, mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, b\u1ed5 b\u00e1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc T\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean \u00d4ng B\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn,\u201d \u201cqu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf,\u201d \u201cvua quan b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u201d M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t b\u00faa b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed7i khi nghe con ch\u00e1u th\u1eddi nay ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh\/ sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf b\u00e1o ch\u00ed do \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng v\u00f4 \u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed9 ch\u00ed c\u0103m th\u00f9 vua quan Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ebft \u00e1n ghi trong gi\u00e1o khoa: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u2013 B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan l\u1ea1i h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u2013 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e1n r\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u2026\u201d T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n theo l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c vua quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n. Xin h\u1ecfi, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ra sao, m\u1ed9t khi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ta c\u1ee9 thi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a li\u00eam x\u1ec9, c\u1ee9 h\u00e3m huy\u1ebft phun ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp to\u00e0n d\u00e2n… th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u0103ng? Hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u1eadp I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp I ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1971, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft theo t\u01b0 duy, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng dung, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tha, \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, sau h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u phong ki\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1edd th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Gia Long l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua l\u1eadp ra tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n sau khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e0n t\u1ea1, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c vua nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eeb Gia Long (1802-1819) \u0111\u1ebfn Minh M\u1ec7nh (1820-1840), Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb (1841-1847), T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c (1847-1883) \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xuy\u00ean qua n\u1ed9i dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn theo khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f2an nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u1eb1m g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng v\u00f4 \u01a1n ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a vua quan Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t g\u01b0\u01a1m ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch hay truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi\u1ebfn cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n H\u1ed3n N\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed3n N\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3n m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u1eadp II<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp II ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1985, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n theo ki\u1ec3u l\u00ean \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nghe \u201cB\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d ch\u1eedi t\u1ee5c \u2013 trong khi vua quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ed5 v\u00e0 H\u1ed3n Thi\u00eang S\u00f4ng N\u00fai \u2013 b\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt tai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (\u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 \u201cB\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u0103ng? Hay b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u0103ng? Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00f2 T\u00e0u ch\u0103ng? – C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00e8n m\u1ea1t \u2013 V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n t\u00e0n \u00e1c v\u00e0 ngu xu\u1ea9n \u2013 C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ngu xu\u1ea9n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u2013 B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan l\u1ea1i h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t \u2013 Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u2013 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u00ean ch\u00faa phong ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i bang gi\u00fap h\u1eafn th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9 giai c\u1ea5p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110ang khi theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kim (1468 – 1545). Sauk hi Nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea b\u1ecb Nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i n\u0103m 1527, Nguy\u1ec5n Kim ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c. Nguy\u1ec5n Kim t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau T\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 Vua L\u00ea Tang T\u00f4ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n Kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Nguy\u1ec5n Kim v\u1ec1 sau b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Kim c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n U\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Qu\u1eadn C\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng binh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay anh r\u1ec3, Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m. Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng coi tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m gi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n U\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo s\u1ee3 cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 xin v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u201cHo\u00e0nh s\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1i v\u1ea1n dung th\u00e2n \u2013 M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0nh s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung th\u00e2n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam \u2013 Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00f3at c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ao binh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1edd c\u00f5i cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o\u2026 nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m trao quy\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n Nam cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1558, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Nam ng\u00e0y nay. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, L\u00e0o, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Khmer nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Ph\u00f9 Nam, t\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft q\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c M\u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng To\u00e0n \u0110\u1ed3 do Qu\u1ed1c S\u1eed Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 Ho\u00e0ng Sa, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 x\u01b0ng ch\u00faa. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam. Con Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean, Ch\u00faa S\u00e3i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i n\u0103m 1613, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u trong d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang h\u1ecd n\u00e0y. S\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi sau Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1738, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111ang khi vua L\u00ea ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft, theo di ch\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan l\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n 12 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1765, nh\u1eb1m d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 thao t\u00fang. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u00f3an h\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, trong s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 anh em nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n n\u00ean th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan, nh\u01b0ng sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, n\u0103m 1775. Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1777 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n, T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n, l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1778 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1780 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1790 Gia Long m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trang anh h\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a kh\u00ed, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Gia Long r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con ch\u00e1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta noi theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2007) do \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng L\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2026 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00e2m c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i Khoa H\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc Trung t\u00e2m UNESCO. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbim\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khai hoang hay m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, \u00f4ng L\u00e2m cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i, phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng nh\u01b0 Cao Mi\u00ean, L\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u00e0i l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1nh ki\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u00fang thi h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u00eam g\u1eaft gao ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ebf quan to\u1ea3 c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xuy\u00ean qua n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng g\u00eda tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho d\u00e2n, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hy sinh, l\u00f2ng x\u1ea3 k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201c\u1eaft c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 theo l\u1eddi t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u201d — ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00ed Ph\u00e8o\u201d t\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u2026 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch, c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a (1558) cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi vua Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh (1925), do Qu\u1ed1c S\u1eed Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai (1821) sau 88 n\u0103m c\u00f4ng phu so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1909 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh:Ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean c\u00f3 2 k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean 6 k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Nho Ng\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 9 (1924) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta tra c\u1ee9u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi hai chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng phu t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u201cdu k\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1eafn s\u1ebb;\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 hai chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i giao, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n G\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0ng trong c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba du k\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1eafn s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u00f4ng trong ban qu\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 con g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u1edd g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m h\u1ecd l\u00e0m theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1eed gia quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt con g\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed5 g\u00e0 ra, l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u con g\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. H\u00f3a ra th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3m tr\u1ee9ng,\u201d ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u201cxu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nu\u00f4i g\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh (1558-1888) nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 330 n\u0103m \u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, b\u1ecdn s\u1eed th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4 son v\u1ebd ph\u1ea5n cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdn s\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed… v\u1eabn ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn vua ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m, \u1ee6y Ban Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 quan, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ngay v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1eed h\u1ecdc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con Ch\u00e1u Vi\u1ec7t \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c Gi\u00fap D\u00e2n C\u1ee9u N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mong thay!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n B\u1ea3n Phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea3y n\u00e3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (CSVN) ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ban Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch S\u1eed – \u0110\u1ecba L\u00fd – V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i s\u1eafp\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,57],"tags":[116,115],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-5316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","tag-giao-duc","tag-lich-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5316\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}