{"id":6576,"date":"2020-10-30T19:32:49","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:32:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=6576"},"modified":"2020-11-20T07:47:54","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T07:47:54","slug":"dau-trong-da-phien-oil-shale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=6576","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea7u Trong \u0110\u00e1 Phi\u1ebfn (Oil Shale)<\/strong>
TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 3\/11\/2020 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kim T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u PTT Biden. <\/em><\/strong><\/span>
V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cD\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e1\u201d (fracking) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng gi\u1eefa gi\u1eefa hai \u00d4ng. <\/em><\/strong>
B\u00c0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa hai \u00d4ng trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. Gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u giao \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng $100 M\u1ef9 kim\/th\u00f9ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2015. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (1997), B\u00e1o Washington Post (1996), K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 1998 (International Energy Annual), Ph\u00f2ng Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea LHQ (1994). Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 2016, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6.050 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng hay 962 t\u1ef7 m3. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft: 1 barrel = 42 Gallon = 159 l\u00edt = 0,16 m3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t HK (US GS) th\u00ec v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea7y, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m t\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OPEC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy t\u00ecm v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Alaska (Hoa K\u1ef3), Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Venezuela, Li\u00ean bang Nga v.v… Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 50 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng “t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng” s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OPEC l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00ec gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng xa;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Sau c\u00f9ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hai v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00e0: truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch kh\u00ed monoxide carbon (CO) v\u00e0 th\u00e1n kh\u00ed (CO2<\/sub>) v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hai h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1n kh\u00ed, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng HK (US EPA) cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ed3n hay ethanol \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y xe<\/strong>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 70% r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong x\u0103ng (Ba T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf x\u0103ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ed3n 100% cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y xe). V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ed3n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 trong n\u0103m 2004 l\u00e0 12,5 t\u1ef7 l\u00edt, 17% cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2003. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethanol \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Iowa, North v\u00e0 South Dakota, Nebraska, Wisconsin. Hi\u1ec7n nay, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang, x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha c\u1ed3n ethylic v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 10%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n khan hi\u1ebfm n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ethanol qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00ean men n\u1ea7y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Truy t\u00ecm lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao;<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    • V\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c ph\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong quy tr\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9, trong n\u0103m 2025, HK s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u0103m 2004 do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ethanol trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2- L\u1ecbch s\u1eed D\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn) l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ngay kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft\u201d (Iron Age) c\u0169ng dung \u201clo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng trang tr\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf V\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n Anh 330 (British Crown Patent 330) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p n\u0103m 1694 cho ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Martin Eele, Thomas Hancock v\u00e0 William Portlock, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u201cd\u1ea7u\u201d \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u201clo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cd\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn bitum (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kerogen) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n. Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ph\u00f9 sa (silt), b\u00f9n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch l\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 hay \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i bang Toronto, Canada, lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u n\u1ea7y n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 cm, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. H\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i Hoa k\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u01b0 Colorado, Utah, v\u00e0 Wyoming nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ba ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      D\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf ba ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1ea7y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng asphalt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 bitumen. L\u1edbp d\u1ea7u “kh\u00f4” c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m chen l\u1eabn b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 tr\u00edch ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00fai d\u1ea7u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t” (retorting);<\/em><\/span><\/li>
      • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1ebb g\u00e3y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch d\u1ea7u (fracking).<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u1edf 3 ti\u1ec3u bang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ly tr\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00ec gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n cao so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00fai d\u1ea7u trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Theo s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f2n cao kho\u1ea3ng $70 M\u1ef9 kim\/th\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n $70, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p 6 c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean 160 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng Colorado. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Chevron, Oil Shale Exploration, EGL Resources v.v… C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m trong khai th\u00e1c \u1edf Wyoming v\u00e0 Utah. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8, 2008. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016, khi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 2017 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 th\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cfracking\u201d n\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng $US50. N\u0103m 2019, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n $US40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau khi th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra qua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia (NEPA) trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p;<\/em><\/strong><\/li>
        2. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i;<\/em><\/strong><\/li>
        3. V\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qua vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 800 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea5t HK (BLM). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung T\u00e2y Hoa K\u1ef3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 12 ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ba ti\u1ec3u bang Colorado, Utah, v\u00e0 Wyoming. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u1ea7y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Saudi Arabia v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho M\u1ef9 trong 110 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ea1c quan v\u1ec1 cung c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cho d\u00f9 khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          – S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i nh\u1ecf;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          – Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u do s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch kh\u00ed carbonic. Hai v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          – Ngo\u00e0i ra vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Colorado c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng trong khi khai th\u00e1c;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          – V\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec7n li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf 4 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng trong cung c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe trong di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 di chuy\u1ec3n khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, hay d\u00f9ng xe c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 xe bu\u00fdt hay \u0111i chung xe khi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i b\u1ed9 hay d\u00f9ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0 trong giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1edbt di chuy\u1ec3n v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00ed carbonic, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho s\u1ef1 h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          4. Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          Qua nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do OPEC,<\/strong> m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n kho\u1ea3ng $US50\/th\u00f9ng (gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Houston hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng $US2.00\/Gallon).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14\/3\/2017, Kate Richard, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Warwick Energy, cho bi\u1ebft \u201cr\u1ee7i ro th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho n\u0103m 2017 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh chia s\u1ebb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng – ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c – gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a OPEC v\u00e0 M\u1ef9\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trung b\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 12 tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung, nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng\/ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2015 tr\u1edf \u0111i, HK cho t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n kho\u1ea3ng $US50.00\/th\u00f9ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2016 cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed3n d\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba 5% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch an to\u00e0n cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2%. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 TT Trump \u0111\u00e3 cho b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eeba k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Trung Hoa K\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng Galveston thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Texas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (do l\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u TT Obama), Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t cho \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Putin trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mang Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00c1 R\u1eadp \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i. Nga S\u00f4, v\u1edbi 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u s\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi $100.00\/Gallon c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng $50.00, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho Putin trong hai n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, x\u1ee9 Venezuela ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 10 t\u1ef7 M\u1ef9 kim d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015. V\u00e0, hi\u1ec7n nay Venezuela \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia\u2026 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng \u201cd\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00e1\u201d, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. V\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u n\u1ea7y m\u1ed7i khi OPEC gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u201cgi\u00e1\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1n c\u00e2n cung – c\u1ea7u sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 CSVN ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng khai th\u00e1c l\u00f4 d\u1ea7u 136-03 \u1edf B\u00e3i T\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi Cty Repsol, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00ec s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, CSVN ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ee9c\u2026 h\u00e8n v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c \u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0n ly, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Mong l\u1eafm thay!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          13.08.2017 \u2013 Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh 10-2020<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          TS Mai Thanh Truy\u1ebft Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 3\/11\/2020 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kim T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u PTT Biden. V\u1eadn H\u1ed9i M\u1edbi xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cD\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e1\u201d (fracking) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,57],"tags":[144,99],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-6576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chuyenmuc","category-giaoduc-vanhoc-lichsu","tag-khoa-hoc","tag-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6576\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}