{"id":7371,"date":"2020-11-28T09:28:59","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T09:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=7371"},"modified":"2020-11-29T22:35:13","modified_gmt":"2020-11-29T22:35:13","slug":"cong-hay-toi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/?p=7371","title":{"rendered":"C\u00d4NG HAY T\u1ed8I?<\/strong>
Tr\u1ea7n Gia Ph\u1ee5ng<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

 Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng hay t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady th\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng hay c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch  s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam?

1.- DU NH\u1eacP CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N

<\/strong>H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (HCM) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1920, \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow v\u00e0 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Communist University of the Toilers of the East) n\u0103m 1923.  Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1924, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 g\u1edfi HCM qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u (Trung Hoa).  N\u0103m 1930, v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh Li\u00ean X\u00f4, HCM th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (CSVN) t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng.  Sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, do l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN \u0111\u1ec3i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1945, HCM c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3ng CS c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc CS \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1edbi du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201cTAM V\u00d4\u201d, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u201cv\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u00f4 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d.  Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ctam v\u00f4\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.  C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng CS th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201ctam v\u00f4\u201d c\u1ee7a CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Do ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, trong C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t (CCR\u0110) \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea3ng CS khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con t\u1ed1 cha, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1 nhau, anh ch\u1ecb em t\u1ed1 nhau.  Ri\u00eang cu\u1ed9c CCR\u0110 giai do\u1ea1n 5 v\u00e0o 1955-1956, CS gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 170,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (\u0110\u1eb7ng Phong, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-2000, t\u1eadp II: 1955-1975, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Nxb. Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, tr. 85), do \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u \u201cv\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh HCM c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cv\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.  Trong di ch\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, HCM vi\u1ebft : \u201c\u2026t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ea5y l\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, ph\u00f2ng khi t\u00f4i \u0111i g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 Cac Mac, c\u1ee5 L\u00eanin\u2026\u201d (Ban Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng Trung \u01af\u01a1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00f3 xem l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nxb. S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, 1975, tr. 171.)  Sau khi ch\u1ebft, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i g\u1eb7p m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 CS ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi CS \u201ctam v\u00f4\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, qua bao l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i bang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng.  Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean CS T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu m\u1edbi ca t\u1ee5ng Trung C\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d: \u201cB\u00ean ni bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh,\/ B\u00ean kia bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng t\u00ecnh anh em.\u201d (T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu, \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng sang n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n\u201d.) (Ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u01a1 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu, Nxb. Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2003.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c th\u1edd c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0.  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 theo b\u1ed1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Nho gi\u00e1o, L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00fa gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n.  C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3.  Nh\u1eb1m tranh gi\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean CS ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u00f9a, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft giam, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i tu s\u0129, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS do HCM du nh\u00e2p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.  Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS c\u0169ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u (Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe) trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 25-1-2006 t\u1ea1i Strasbourg (Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 1481, l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb CS \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.  \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 1481 vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eebng cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.  C\u1ea6U VI\u1ec6N TRUNG C\u1ed8NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m.  T\u1eeb khi Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i bang.  Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p.  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p phong th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ra \u0111i.  Sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00f4n h\u00f2a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabm m\u00e1u, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 Mao<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Trung C\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng, v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.  Khi HCM c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n Trung C\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1950, Trung C\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng CSVN, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi L\u01b0u Thi\u1ebfu K\u1ef3 th\u00ec Trung C\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i sau khi CSVN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. (Qiang Zhai, China & the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975, The University of Noth Carolina Press, 2000, tr. 19.)  Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c Trung C\u1ed9ng cho kh\u00f4ng, bi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c Trung C\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng gi\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaby n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a HCM c\u00f9ng CSVN v\u00e0o tr\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh 1946-1954. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 Trung C\u1ed9ng ng\u1ea7m x\u00fai CSVN \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 Trung C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i CS qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, thi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ecdp c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3i c\u1eeda sau, \u0111\u1ec3 tai h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.\u201d (C\u1ed5 v\u0103n: \u201cNinh th\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng chi danh, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nhi ti\u1ec1n m\u00f4n c\u1ef1 h\u1ed5, h\u1eadu m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn lang, d\u0129 di h\u1ecda \u01b0 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf\u201d.  T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a: \u201cTh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng danh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ed5 c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3i c\u1eeda sau, \u0111\u1ec3 tai h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.\u201d)  C\u00f2n Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho HCM: \u201c\u201cqu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u01b0ng con ng\u1ef1a, ch\u1ec9 thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d (Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1920-1945, Amirillo, TX: Nxb. Chu\u00f4ng R\u00e8, 2000, tt. 39-40.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.  GI\u1ea2I PH\u00d3NG D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 CS v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ca t\u1ee5ng HCM l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u201cg\u1ec9\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d.  Theo ngh\u0129a t\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean, \u201cgi\u1ea3i\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1edf ra, \u201cph\u00f3ng\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ea3 ra, bu\u00f4ng ra, kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.  Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ly, t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.  Ngang \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra: 1) HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ai? 2) \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CS gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u00f2ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ra m\u1eaft ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 2-9-1945, HCM \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng khi Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm Nam K\u1ef3, ti\u1ebfn ra Trung K\u1ef3, r\u1ed3i \u0111e d\u1ecda B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, th\u00ec HCM s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 ng \u00e0y 2-9, k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y 6-3-1946 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.  \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, HCM qua Ph\u00e1p k\u00fd Tam \u01b0\u1edbc (Modus Vivendi) ng\u00e0y 14-9-1946 t\u1ea1i Paris, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 HCM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t sau khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i VNCH t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm. T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f2i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an ninh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.  N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an ninh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00ec sinh m\u1ea1ng HCM v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng CS n\u1eb1m trong tay Ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean HCM tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng CS t\u1ea1i V\u1ea1n Ph\u00fac (H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng) trong hai ng\u00e0y 18 v\u00e0 19-12-1946, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p. (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u00e1ch khoa qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n, 2004, tt. 503-504) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng CS ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.  Khi Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec CS th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p.  Khi b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea3ng CS m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00ean vai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954 chia hai Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf s\u00f4ng B\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i, ngang v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17.  B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (BVN) theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS.  Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (NVN) theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a.  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve, t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u1ec5u Ch\u00e2u (Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, Trung C\u1ed9ng), t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5-7-1954, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2n Lai \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean HCM ch\u00f4n gi\u1ea5u v\u00f5 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1edf l\u1ea1i NVN \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn.  H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh li\u1ec1n thi h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u1ea7y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 HCM v\u00e0 CSVN ch\u1ee7 \u00fd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng NVN, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c HCM va BVN \u0111\u01b0a ra hai kh\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u \u201cGi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 my d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00e2n b\u1ecb VC th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1954 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1975, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng xong, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 CS \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t mi\u1ec1n BVN (1954) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 NVN (1975) d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb, to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5.  Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 HCM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.  CH\u1ed0NG M\u1ef8 C\u1ee8U N\u01af\u1edaC?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn, x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u0103m 1954, HCM v\u00e0 CSVN c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc CS \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u00eau b\u00e0i \u201cch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.  Sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Trung C\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.  Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, tuy chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Nam H\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y, m\u00e0 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3.  Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c cho h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.  H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f2n cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2m l\u0103ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung C\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2n Lai t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u1ec5u Ch\u00e2u (Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, Trung Hoa) t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5-7-1954, n\u00ean HCM \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 20-7-1954.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau n\u0103m 1954, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a CS ch\u1ee9Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai.  Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.    Khi Hoa K\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1eaft tay v\u1edbi Trung C\u1ed9ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n HCM c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n Trung C\u1ed9ng, r\u01b0\u1edbc 320,000 qu\u00e2n T\u00e0u v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 Trung C\u1ed9ng, m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t (Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Nam Quan), m\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n (10,000 Km2 V\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t), v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1ecb Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111e d\u1ecda tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean.  \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cTa \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0111\u00e1nh cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. (V\u0169 Th\u01b0 Hi\u00ean, \u0110\u00eam gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y, Nxb. V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, California, 1997, tr. 422ct. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u1ea7m, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng CSVN (1991 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000), ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i BBC ng\u00e0y 24-1-2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN: H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH = T\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2 D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec HCM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u1ec7n CS Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng CS Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a CS \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb 1946 d\u1ebfn 1975.  Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Polska Times (Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o Ba Lan) ng\u00e0y 5-3-2013, trong 24 n\u0103m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n (1945-1969), HCM \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 1,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u00ec H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v\u1edbi Trung C\u1ed9ng.  Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 T\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2 s\u1ed1 1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u1ee9t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam.  Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.

TR\u1ea6N GIA PH\u1ee4NG<\/strong>
(Toronto, 01-09-2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng hay t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.  V\u1eady th\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp…<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,53],"tags":[170,200,115,187],"class_list":["entry","author-ntviet","post-7371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chuyenmuc","category-kinhte-chinhtri","tag-cong-san","tag-ho-chi-minh","tag-lich-su","tag-viet-cong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7371\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanhoimoi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}